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Catherine Samba-Panza

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Catherine Samba-Panza
neda
Sex or genderfemale Tekre
Country of citizenshipCentral African Republic Tekre
Given nameCatherine Tekre
Date of birth26 Sigr kiuugu 1954 Tekre
Zĩ-ninga o rogeNiǧāmīnā Tekre
SpouseCyriaque Samba Panza Tekre
Languages spoken, written or signedFrench, Sango Tekre
Occupationpolitician, lawyer, jurist Tekre
Position heldPresident of the Central African Republic, Mayor of Bangui Tekre
Educated atUniversité Paris-Panthéon-Assas Tekre
Member of political partyindependent politician Tekre

Catherine Samba-Panza (née Souga; sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1954 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 26 wã) yaa Transitional President of the Central African Republic Afirik tẽnga politik soab sẽn zĩnd Afirik tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋm 2014 n tãag 2016. A yaa pʋg-paal ning pipi sẽn yɩ goosneema-rãmbã taoor soaba Afirik sẽn be Centralã pʋgẽ. Sẽn deng a sẽn yɩ tẽnga taoor soaba, a yɩɩ Bangui tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2013 n tãag 2014.

A Samba-Panza sɩngame n tʋmd siglgã tʋʋmde, n tʋmd tɩ b kengd pagb ne b zoobã. Yʋʋmd 2003 wã, b yãka a Mart tɩ yɩ tẽnga pʋga tigis-n-taag taoor soaba, la b yãk-a lame t'a yɩ tigis-no-kãnga taoor soaba. A yaa Bangui tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2013 sẽn wa n yɩlẽ tɩ tẽnga rãmb wa sãam n wa zab ne tẽnga rãmb sẽn be Central African Republic. A yaa Centrafriik Faso tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2014. A ra segd n kɩtame tɩ tẽngã lebg n paame, n yiis b zab-teedã, la a wilgame tɩ b na n paama ligd n sõng-a t'a tẽngã na n paam n lebg n lebg arzɛk pʋgẽ. A sẽn be yʋʋm 2016 wã, a ra pa le beẽ ye. A ra yaa prezida sẽn na n lʋɩt taoor yʋʋm 2020-21 wã, la a pa tõog ye.[1]

Pipi vɩɩmã la a tʋʋmã

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A Catherine Souga rogame yʋʋmd 1954 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 26 wã Fort Lamy, Frans Tchad, a sẽn yaa a roagdbã kambã a yoobã sʋka a yiib-n-soaba.[2] A ma, a Henriette Waloma (a sẽn boond me t'a Warouma) yaa Ubangi-Shari, sẽn wa n lebg Centrafriik Faso (CAR) neda, t'a ba wã, a Barthélémy Djou yaa karẽn-kɛgeta sẽn yit French Cameroon.[2][3] A bɩɩ N'Djamena hal t'a ta yʋʋm 16[2] bɩ 18,[4] tɩ b zakã rãmb yãk yam n kẽng Bangui, Afirik sẽn be Centralã.[2] A sẽn wa n be Bangui, a tʋma la a zãmsame ne a ba-bi-pugl a Simon-Pierre Kibanda, sẽn yaa diplomat sẽn yɩ minisr sẽn geta tʋʋm-kãnga taoor soaba yʋʋm 1971 wã, la a pag a Sooni wã sẽn yaa Israyɛl nedã.[2]

A Souga sẽn sɩng lekollã N'Djamena wã, a paama b diplôme n kẽng Marie-Jeanne Caron High School (lycée Marie-Jeonne Caron) Bangui wã, la a maana a A4 diplôme yʋʋmd 1973 Lycée d'Etat des Rapides.[2] Rẽ poore, a zãmsame tɩ b zãms korporɛt zakẽ Bangui.[5] A sẽn wa n kẽng Paris n na n zãms zʋrnallã la sɛb la a paama diplôme sẽn yaa kareng sẽn yaa sõma (DESS) siglgã sɛb zug Panthéon-Assas University karẽn-biisẽ yʋʋmd 1981.[2][6] A sẽn paam a diplôme wã poore, a Samba-Panza tʋma Paris tẽnga Préservatrice - Foncière siglgã sɛbã sɛbã sɛb zĩigẽ.[2]

A Samba-Panza kẽe kãadem ne a sɩdã a Jean-Claude Sappot, a sẽn da tʋmd la a zãmsd France.[2] B sɩd-sɩda ra tara kom a tãabo: a Stéphane, a Christelle la a Jimmy.[2] A kãadmã ne a Sappot baasa ne kãadmã kaoob.[2]>[7]

Yʋʋmd 1984 wã, a lebg n wa n zĩnd Bangui n na n tɩ kẽ Cantral Afrɩka siglgã siglgã, SIRIRI tʋʋmde.[6] A kẽnga Allianz "AGF Centrafrique Assurances" lagem-n-taagẽ, a sẽn tʋmd be yʋʋmd 1989 n tãag yʋʋmd 2007.[2][6] A Samba-Panza me lugla a meng kambã, a CSP Assurances-Conseils, la b wilgame tɩ b bãngame tɩ b sẽn paam n maan tʋʋm-wẽns n kɩt tɩ b pa tõe n tʋm ne kambã sẽn be Afirik sẽn be Centralã pʋgẽ ye.[8] Yʋʋmd 2000 wã saabẽ wã, a paama tʋʋmd a Gras Savoye sẽn boond t'a Gras Savoye wã, tɩ b maan-a tɩ b yaa taoor soaba hal n tãag 2013.[2]

Yʋʋmd 1998 wã, a Samba-Panza kẽe kãadem ne a sɩdã a yiib soabã, a Cyriaque Samba-panza, sẽn da yaa CAR goosneema taoor soab sẽn yaa "politiki nin-buiidã sẽn mi n be" tẽngã pʋgẽ.[2][3][7][9] A Cyriaque Samba-Panza yɩɩ goosneema ministɛɛr wakat wʋsg taoor dãmb a André Kolingba la a François Bozizé taoore, a sɩng ne a sẽn yaa goosneema sẽn geta siglgã siglgã siglg, statistikã la tẽn-tẽnga taab wɛɛngẽ yʋʋmd 1987 soabã.[2][9]

Tʋʋmd la politikã tʋʋm

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Wakat kãnga, Samba-Panza me kẽnga siglgã pʋgẽ, n tʋmd ne siglgã siglgã neb sẽn pa tigim ye.[10][11] A ra gomda pagbã sẽn segd n maan bũmb ninsã yelle.[10][12] A ra yaa pagb sẽn get b mens n get b mens yell ne b kom-bɩɩsã, la a ra yaa b kom-biis sẽn get b sẽn get b yellã ne b komã.[6][11] A Samba-Panza me boolame tɩ b sõng Afrɩka pʋg-sadbã tɩ b paam ligd n paase, n yeel tɩ b segd n maana bũmb wʋsg n paas Afrɩka goosneema wã sẽn na n sõng tɩ pʋg-sadb paam b zu-loees n paase.[13] A yeelame t'a tõog n põs pagb sẽn namsdã, bala a "yaa zabd wakat fãa", la a wɩsa ne a sũur fãa tɩ pagba wʋsg sẽn be CAR wã "ka mi b sor ye, tɩ b pa tõe n kogl-b ye".[10]

A Samba-Panza rɩka a politikã pipi tʋʋm yʋʋmd 2003 soabã, a sẽn paam n yɩ tẽnga pʋga taoor soab ning sẽn na n kɩt tɩ b maneg taab n yɩ a taoor soaba, a François Bozizé sẽn deeg a naamã n wa maan puugrã poore.[12] Rẽ poore, b yãka a Mart n yɩ kom-tĩnd ning sẽn na n pids tigis-kãnga saglsã.[6]

Bangui tẽnga taoor soaba

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A Samba-Panza yaa Bangui tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 2013 soabã kiuugã pʋgẽ, a Michel Djotodia sẽn deeg a naamã n wa maan puugr n wa n dɩ naam wã. A rɩka a naamã yʋʋmd 2013 tʋʋl kiuug rasem 14 soabã.[14][15] Baa a sẽn da yaa kiris-nedã, a sẽn yãk-a wã, a sẽn da pa kẽes a toog politikã pʋgẽ wã kɩtame tɩ b sak n deeg a tʋʋmdã ne a Séléka sẽn yaa Musulmanã la a sẽn yaa kiris-neb nins sẽn kɩɩsd Balaka wã.[16][17] A sẽn da yaa tẽnga taoor soaba, a yeelame t'a na n basa a naam n wa maan n yãk a meng n na n yãk a naam.[18]

A Samba-Panza sẽn yaa tẽn-kɩtbã taoor soaba, a tʋma b sẽn na n lebs n me tẽngã, t'a sẽn wa n sãam tẽn-kɩremsã poore. B ra zãaga tẽngã ligdã fãa, la b sãama a tʋʋm wʋsg. A sẽn da na n maan bũmb tɩ na n sõng tẽngã tɩ b paam ligd n sõng-a wã, a ra tara sor n na n paasda yaoodã la a ra baood n na n sõngda tẽns a taabã.[18] A sẽn da tʋmd to-to wã yĩnga, b pʋd-a-la t'a yaa "kẽeng kãsenga sẽn tar raoodã".[17] A sẽn lebg tẽnga taoor soaba wã yaa a Hyacinthe Wodobodé, sẽn yãk-a yʋʋmd 2014 t'a lebg tẽnga taoor soab.[19]

Prezida tekre

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A sẽn wa n dɩ naam

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Samba-Panza ne African Union soldiers yʋʋmd 2014

A Djotodia sẽn wa n dɩ naam yʋʋm a nii wã, a basa a naamã. A Samba-Panza yaa sẽn yãk-a t'a lebg prezida sẽn yaa wakat sẽn kaoosdã,[20] n na n lebs a prezida Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet.[21] B yãka-a-la ne kandidã a nii sẽn da segd n wilg tɩ b pa tar zood ne Séléka wã la Anti-balaka wã ye. A Samba-Panza yeela woto poore:[22] "Mam pa tõe n maan bũmb ye, tɩ b tẽngã pa le be ye".[her] A sẽn bool tɩ b sõs ne taab zabrã sasa wã,[17] b saka a sẽn maan bũmb ningã.[23] A sẽn tõog a Désiré Kolingba n yãk a yiib-n-soabã, a yeelame tɩ:[16]

"Mam sagenda m kambã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn kɩɩsd-b Balaka wã tɩ b bas b zabã la b bas zabã. Woto me yaa ne a Séléka-bã. B pa segd n zoe rabeem ye. Mam pa rat n le wʋm kʋʋb la kʋɩl-wẽnse yell ye. Sẽn sɩng ne rũndã, mam yaa Afirik sẽn be Centralã nebã fãa taoor soaba, tɩ b pa yiis-a ye."

A Samba-Panza rɩka a naam n yɩ tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 2014 yʋʋm kiuug rasem 23 soabã,[24] a sẽn na n tʋm n tãag yʋʋm 2015 wã.[20] A sẽn wa n wa n na n wa maan a naamã, zabr kʋ-a-la a roogẽ wã. A sẽn paam n lebg tẽnga taoor soaba wã yaa bõn-naands sẽn yɩ sõma ne nin-buiidã la sãambã sẽn yã a sẽn yãk n na n deeg nebã n yɩɩd t'a rɩk naam ne pãnga.[20]

Samba-Panza rɩka naam wakat sẽn yaa tõng wakat sẽn zĩnd kiris-neb ne Moslems sʋka, la b sẽn wa n get b sẽn na n tõog n maan bũmb ninsã.[25]A wilgame tɩ naongã la goosneerã sẽn pa tõog n tõog n tõogd n tõogd a taabã yaa rẽ n kɩt tɩ b wa n zabd ne taaba.[26] A Samba-Panza sẽn wa n wa n wa lebg tẽnga taoor soaba, yaa pipi pag sẽn wa n lebg tẽnga taoor soab.[25]Wakat kãnga, a ra yaa pagb a tãabã sʋka sẽn yaa Afrik tẽnga taoor dãmba, a Ellen Johnson Sirleaf sẽn be Liberiya la a Joyce Banda sẽn be Malawi. A Samba-Panza goma a Johnson Sirleaf yell n wilg a sẽn tõe n dɩk a togs-n-taare.[10] A sẽn yaa pʋg taoor soab wakat ning b sẽn wa n be beẽ wã, b ra getame tɩ yaa makr n wilgdẽ tɩ pag ne a ma tõe n paama laafɩ sẽn tõe n sõng-b tɩ b tõog n welg taab n zĩnd n zĩnd n pa beẽ ye.[17][20][25]Rẽ n so t'a yʋʋr boond-a t'a Ma wã sẽn yaa raoodã.[20] A ra tẽedame tɩ yaa a ba wã tʋʋmd n na n sõng tɩ laafɩ zĩnd a pʋgẽ, n yɩɩd a sẽn na n yɩ taoor soab sẽn yaa nin-tɩrsã.[17]

Naam wakato

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Samba-Panza ne U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry yʋʋmd 2016

A Samba-Panza sẽn yaa prezida wã yeelame tɩ a sẽn dat n maan bũmb ning n yɩɩd fãa yaa n lebs n paam bãan la tʋʋmde.[8] A ra tẽedame tɩ b yiibã yaa toor-toorã, bala b ra pa tar tʋʋm ye, la b ra tõe n maana wẽnga.[12] A Samba-Panza yeelame t'a sẽn wa n be a naamã sasa wã yaa "n na n lebs n kõ laafɩ la bãan, n paasg arzɛkã la a lebs n lebs n kɩt tɩ b tõog tõog n zĩnd sõma".[27] A Samba-Panza yeelame t'a pa tar politikã sẽn pa tar sor ye, bala a sẽn paamã yaa siglgã pʋgẽ, la a sẽn paam-a wã yĩnga, a leb n dɩka tʋʋm sẽn na yɩl n zab ne zãmbã.[8]

Sẽn mik tɩ CAR pa tar ligdi, a Samba-Panza goosneema wã basa a menga ne goosneema-rãmbã sõngr ye.[12] A Samba-Panza sakame tɩ Frans rãmb kẽes b toog CAR pʋgẽ. A yeelame tɩ yaa neb bilf bal n maan b sẽn maan to-to wã, tɩ b segd n sɩbg-b ned kam fãa, la pa b sẽn maand b toorẽ wã ye.[27]

A André Nzapayeké yaa kiris-ned la b yãk t'a yɩ ministɛɛr kãsma. A Samba-Panza yaool n dɩk a zĩig n dɩk a Mahamat Kamoun sẽn yaa Musulmanã n dɩk a zĩigẽ yʋʋmd 2014 t'a lebg a soab.[28] Sẽn mik tɩ Séléka pa tar zood ne Kamoun ye, b wẽna n na n boykot-a lame, la b yiis-a-la zabr sobgẽ wã.[29] A Samba-Panza kõo sor yʋʋmd 2015 t'a naan naan naan naan maan bʋ-kaoodb sẽn yaa b sẽn na n kao "tẽnga tʋʋm-wẽns sẽn yaa kãsenga sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 2003 wã tɛka" ne United Nations.[30] Yʋʋmd 2015 sigt kiuugã pʋgẽ, b sẽn wa n maand b sẽn da maand b sẽn pa tõe n maan bũmb ninsã kɩtame tɩ neb wʋsg maan maand n kos a Samba-Panza a naamã.[31] La yʋʋmd wã saabẽ wã, Human Rights Watch wilgame tɩ a Samba Panza zãma wã "maasa ne n tõog n lugl siglgã".[30] A prezidaarã neb sẽn get a naamã yell tagsdame tɩ a pa pidsd a sẽn da gũud bũmb ninsã ye.[32]

Yʋʋmd 2015 wã, b ra yãkame tɩ b maan yʋʋmd 2015 yʋʋm-vʋʋr kiuugã. A Samba-Panza pa segd n yɩ prezida sẽn yaa wakat sẽn kaoosdã ye. B basa a loogrã naoor wʋsgo, tɩ yaa tẽn-kãsengã pʋgẽ.[33] Sẽn paase, b pa yãt-b n na n maan n yãk b sẽn na n yãk ye ye. A sẽn wa n wa n na n wa baas a tʋʋmdã, a ra tagsdame tɩ bũmb wʋsg pa pids ye. Yaa woto: b sẽn na n yiis b zabã la b lebs n kẽes b mens n kẽes b toog zabrã pʋgẽ wã, b sẽn na yɩl tɩ b sigl b mens n paase, b sẽn sõngd b nin-buiidã tɩ b tõog n sõng b taabã, la b sẽn manegd b mens ne b taabã.[27] B sẽn wa n wa n maand b zabã, a Samba-Panza pa sak n deeg tɩ b na n maan b sẽn pa na n kõ b zabã ne pãnga ye.[34] A Samba-Panza yɩɩ tẽnga taoor soaba hal tɩ ta yʋʋmd 2016 tʋʋlg rasem 30 soabã,[27] tɩ a Faustin-Archange Touadéra maan pʋɩɩr t'a lebg a pʋɩt-n-taagã.[35]

Prezida wa poore

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Presidential campaign logo

A Samba-Panza kell n zĩnda Bangui a sẽn bas a tʋʋmdã poore,[36] la a kell n maana a tʋʋmd ne goosneema wã n yɩ sagend sẽn get laafɩ pʋga.[17] A lebga zab-teed getao ne Carter Centre,[36] n get zab-bɩɩsã sẽn be tẽns wala Liberia, Senegal [37]la Democratic Republic of the Congo[38]. A sẽn wa n bas a tʋʋmdã poore, a rɩka taoor-sobend tʋʋm me siglgã siglgã sigls pʋsẽ, n lebg Pan-African Women's Leadership Observatory taoor soaba, la Afrɩka sull sẽn get zab sẽn be zabrã tõkgo la b sẽn kẽes b toog ne b sʋka.[39]

Yʋʋmd August rasem 28 wã, a Samba-Panza wilgame t'a na n lʋɩɩsa yʋʋm 2020 wã taoor-soaballã pʋgẽ.[40] A wilgame t'a yaa politikã taoor dãmb wʋsg n da rat t'a yãk a tʋʋmdã n na n wa moonẽ. A Samba-Panza ra moondame n get siglgã la goosneerã yelle,[41] n yetẽ tɩ a sẽn wa n dɩ naam a poorẽ wã pa tõog n maan woto ye. A ra yaa pag ning bal n tõog n yãk a meng n yãk a naamã. A Samba-Panza pa tõog ye,[42] a paam n deeg n deeg n yãk neb 5,526, sẽn yaa n kõ-b n yãk neb nins fãa sẽn deeg n deeg b n yãkdã 0,86%.[43]

A Samba-Panza yaa politikã taoor dãmb wʋsg sʋka sẽn da pa tõe n yi tẽngã yʋʋmd 2021 yʋʋm-vẽkrã pʋgẽ ye. La b pa wilg a sẽn maan bũmb ningã ye. La pʋgl n waare, b wilgame tɩ b ket n maana vaeesg n na n bãng tɩ b sẽn da yet tɩ b yaa sodaas sẽn zab ne b mens n tʋmd ne tãb-biisã.[44][45]

Ges-y me

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Sebtiise

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  1. ↑ flemale-stephane (2011-07-05). "Nazaire Yalanga nouveau maire de Bangui, exit Ngoumbé Ketté". Radio Ndeke Luka (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Corbeaunews (2020-06-25). "RCA : qui est Catherine SAMBA-PANZA ? Jeunesse, études, carrière et entrée en politique - Corbeau News Centrafrique ou si b il LPP et actualités en République centrafricaine Corbeau News Centrafrique ou si b il LPP et actualités en République centrafricaine" (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "100Women | Avance Media | H.E Catherine Samba-Panza". 100women.avancemedia.org (in American English). Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  4. ↑ magazine, Le Point, (2014-01-20). Une femme élue à la présidence en Centrafrique (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ lesoir.be (2014-01-21). Une «maire courage» pour réconcilier ses enfants de République centrafricaine. Archived from the original on 2014-01-22.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "#ellessimposent : Catherine Samba-Panza, de la présidence centrafricaine au leadership féminin | TV5MONDE - Informations". information.tv5monde.com (in French). 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Centrafrique : biographie de Catherine Samba-Panza". www.centrafriqueledefi.com (in French). Archived from the original on 2024-07-22. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Catherine Samba-Panza sworn in as new CAR president". France 24 (in English). 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Centrafrique : 5 choses à savoir sur Catherine Samba Panza, la nouvelle présidente de transition". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Smith, David (2014-03-02). Can Catherine Samba-Panza save the Central African Republic? (in British English). ISSN 0261-3077.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Heath-Brown, Nick, ed. (2015). The Statesman’s Yearbook 2016. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8. ISSN 0081-4601.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 CAR – Catherine Samba-Panza (in English). Vol. 51. 2014. pp. 19985A – 19985A. doi:10.1111/j.1467-825X.2014.05506.x. ISSN 1467-825X.
  13. ↑ "African Women Entrepreneurs Call for Support of Africa Free Trade". Voice of America (in English). 2022-11-17. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  14. ↑ "Centrafrique : 5 choses à savoir sur Catherine Samba Panza, la nouvelle présidente de transition". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  15. ↑ flemale-stephane (2013-06-14). "Catherine Samba Panza prête serment à Bangui". Radio Ndeke Luka (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Central African Republic MPs elect Catherine Samba-Panza (in British English). 2014-01-20.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 https://cmi.fi/2017/04/13/called-children-lay-arms/
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 https://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/Monde/En-Centrafrique-une-maire-courage-2013-07-08-983710
  19. ↑ http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140208-centrafrique-hyacinthe-wodobode-nouvelle-maire-bangui
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Smith, David (2014-01-25). Central African Republic's 'Mother Courage' fights to bring peace where the men have failed (in British English). ISSN 0261-3077.
  21. ↑ "Central African Republic's capital tense as ex-leader heads into exile". uk.reuters.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-14. Retrieved 2025-07-24. {{cite web}}: Text "Reuters" ignored (help)
  22. ↑ "CAR appoints Bangui mayor as interim leader". Al Jazeera (in English). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  23. ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/01/car-leader-pledges-talks-with-armed-groups-201412285543966125.html
  24. ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/01/new-car-leader-sworn-as-tensions-escalate-2014123162736447639.html
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Nossiter, Adam (2014-01-20). Woman Chosen to Lead Central African Republic Out of Mayhem (in American English). ISSN 0362-4331.
  26. ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/video/africa/2014/02/political-manipulation-blamed-car-unrest-201429235449737704.html
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 https://www.dw.com/en/samba-panza-i-have-accomplished-my-mission/a-19051938
  28. ↑ "CAR president appoints first Muslim PM". Al Jazeera (in English). Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  29. ↑ Reporter, Staff (2014-08-11). "Seleka ex-rebels refuse to join new CAR government". The Mail & Guardian (in English). Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Human Rights Watch (2016-01-08). Central African Republic: Events of 2015 (in English).
  31. ↑ "Eye on Africa - Samba-Panza: Former officials are 'trying to return to power'". France 24 (in English). 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  32. ↑ "#ellessimposent : Catherine Samba-Panza, de la présidence centrafricaine au leadership féminin | TV5MONDE - Informations". information.tv5monde.com (in French). 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  33. ↑ Dembassa-Kette, Crispin. Former Central African Republic PM leads in presidential vote (in American English). Archived from the original on 2019-04-11.
  34. ↑ "Central African Republic goes back to square one". www.thenewhumanitarian.org (in English). 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  35. ↑ CAR presidential election: Faustin Touadera declared winner (in British English). 2016-02-20.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Que sont-ils devenus ? Salou Djibo, Hédi Jilani et Catherine Samba-Panza". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  37. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region-40727837
  38. ↑ https://www.africanews.com/2023/12/22/dr-congo-voting-operations-had-gone-relatively-well-observer-mission-says/
  39. ↑ https://www.policycenter.ma/index.php/expertexterne/catherine-samba-panza
  40. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-825X.2020.09606.x
  41. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-vote-sambapanza-idUSKBN25O2MB
  42. ↑ https://www.africapresse.paris/Catherine-SAMBA-PANZA-seule-femme-candidate-a-la-presidentielle-en-Centrafrique
  43. ↑ https://jfaki.blog/archives/10111
  44. ↑ Human Rights Watch (2021-12-22). Central African Republic: Events of 2021 (in English).
  45. ↑ Alwihda, Info. "Centrafrique : l'ex-présidente Samba-Panza interdite de quitter le pays". Alwihda Info - Actualités TCHAD, Afrique, International (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-25. 
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