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Catherine Samba-Panza

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Catherine Samba-Panza
neda
Sex or genderfemale Tekre
Country of citizenshipCentral African Republic Tekre
Given nameCatherine Tekre
Date of birth26 Sigr kiuugu 1954 Tekre
Zĩ-ninga o rogeN'Djamena Tekre
SpouseCyriaque Samba Panza Tekre
Languages spoken, written or signedFrench, Sango Tekre
Occupationpolitician, lawyer Tekre
Position heldPresident of the Central African Republic, Mayor of Bangui Tekre
Educated atPanthéon-Assas University Paris Tekre
Member of political partyindependent politician Tekre

Catherine Samba-Panza (née Souga; sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1954 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 26 wã) yaa Transitional President of the Central African Republic Afirik tẽnga politik soab sẽn zĩnd Afirik tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋm 2014 n tãag 2016. A yaa pʋg-paal ning pipi sẽn yɩ goosneema-rãmbã taoor soaba Afirik sẽn be Centralã pʋgẽ. Sẽn deng a sẽn yɩ tẽnga taoor soaba, a yɩɩ Bangui tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2013 n tãag 2014.

A Samba-Panza sɩngame n tʋmd siglgã tʋʋmde, n tʋmd tɩ b kengd pagb ne b zoobã. Yʋʋmd 2003 wã, b yãka a Mart tɩ yɩ tẽnga pʋga tigis-n-taag taoor soaba, la b yãk-a lame t'a yɩ tigis-no-kãnga taoor soaba. A yaa Bangui tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2013 sẽn wa n yɩlẽ tɩ tẽnga rãmb wa sãam n wa zab ne tẽnga rãmb sẽn be Central African Republic. A yaa Centrafriik Faso tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2014. A ra segd n kɩtame tɩ tẽngã lebg n paame, n yiis b zab-teedã, la a wilgame tɩ b na n paama ligd n sõng-a t'a tẽngã na n paam n lebg n lebg arzɛk pʋgẽ. A sẽn be yʋʋm 2016 wã, a ra pa le beẽ ye. A ra yaa prezida sẽn na n lʋɩt taoor yʋʋm 2020-21 wã, la a pa tõog ye.[1]

Pipi vɩɩmã la a tʋʋmã

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A Catherine Souga rogame yʋʋmd 1954 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 26 wã Fort Lamy, Frans Tchad, a sẽn yaa a roagdbã kambã a yoobã sʋka a yiib-n-soaba.[2] A ma, a Henriette Waloma (a sẽn boond me t'a Warouma) yaa Ubangi-Shari, sẽn wa n lebg Centrafriik Faso (CAR) neda, t'a ba wã, a Barthélémy Djou yaa karẽn-kɛgeta sẽn yit French Cameroon.[2][3] A bɩɩ N'Djamena hal t'a ta yʋʋm 16[2] bɩ 18,[4] tɩ b zakã rãmb yãk yam n kẽng Bangui, Afirik sẽn be Centralã.[2] A sẽn wa n be Bangui, a tʋma la a zãmsame ne a ba-bi-pugl a Simon-Pierre Kibanda, sẽn yaa diplomat sẽn yɩ minisr sẽn geta tʋʋm-kãnga taoor soaba yʋʋm 1971 wã, la a pag a Sooni wã sẽn yaa Israyɛl nedã.[2]

A Souga sẽn sɩng lekollã N'Djamena wã, a paama b diplôme n kẽng Marie-Jeanne Caron High School (lycée Marie-Jeonne Caron) Bangui wã, la a maana a A4 diplôme yʋʋmd 1973 Lycée d'Etat des Rapides.[2] Rẽ poore, a zãmsame tɩ b zãms korporɛt zakẽ Bangui.[5] A sẽn wa n kẽng Paris n na n zãms zʋrnallã la sɛb la a paama diplôme sẽn yaa kareng sẽn yaa sõma (DESS) siglgã sɛb zug Panthéon-Assas University karẽn-biisẽ yʋʋmd 1981.[2][6] A sẽn paam a diplôme wã poore, a Samba-Panza tʋma Paris tẽnga Préservatrice - Foncière siglgã sɛbã sɛbã sɛb zĩigẽ.[2]

A Samba-Panza kẽe kãadem ne a sɩdã a Jean-Claude Sappot, a sẽn da tʋmd la a zãmsd France.[2] B sɩd-sɩda ra tara kom a tãabo: a Stéphane, a Christelle la a Jimmy.[2] A kãadmã ne a Sappot baasa ne kãadmã kaoob.[2]>[7]

Yʋʋmd 1984 wã, a lebg n wa n zĩnd Bangui n na n tɩ kẽ Cantral Afrɩka siglgã siglgã, SIRIRI tʋʋmde.[6] A kẽnga Allianz "AGF Centrafrique Assurances" lagem-n-taagẽ, a sẽn tʋmd be yʋʋmd 1989 n tãag yʋʋmd 2007.[2][6] A Samba-Panza me lugla a meng kambã, a CSP Assurances-Conseils, la b wilgame tɩ b bãngame tɩ b sẽn paam n maan tʋʋm-wẽns n kɩt tɩ b pa tõe n tʋm ne kambã sẽn be Afirik sẽn be Centralã pʋgẽ ye.[8] Yʋʋmd 2000 wã saabẽ wã, a paama tʋʋmd a Gras Savoye sẽn boond t'a Gras Savoye wã, tɩ b maan-a tɩ b yaa taoor soaba hal n tãag 2013.[2]

Yʋʋmd 1998 wã, a Samba-Panza kẽe kãadem ne a sɩdã a yiib soabã, a Cyriaque Samba-panza, sẽn da yaa CAR goosneema taoor soab sẽn yaa "politiki nin-buiidã sẽn mi n be" tẽngã pʋgẽ.[2][3][7][9] A Cyriaque Samba-Panza yɩɩ goosneema ministɛɛr wakat wʋsg taoor dãmb a André Kolingba la a François Bozizé taoore, a sɩng ne a sẽn yaa goosneema sẽn geta siglgã siglgã siglg, statistikã la tẽn-tẽnga taab wɛɛngẽ yʋʋmd 1987 soabã.[2][9]

Tʋʋmd la politikã tʋʋm

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Wakat kãnga, Samba-Panza me kẽnga siglgã pʋgẽ, n tʋmd ne siglgã siglgã neb sẽn pa tigim ye.[10][11] A ra gomda pagbã sẽn segd n maan bũmb ninsã yelle.[10][12] A ra yaa pagb sẽn get b mens n get b mens yell ne b kom-bɩɩsã, la a ra yaa b kom-biis sẽn get b sẽn get b yellã ne b komã.[6][11] A Samba-Panza me boolame tɩ b sõng Afrɩka pʋg-sadbã tɩ b paam ligd n paase, n yeel tɩ b segd n maana bũmb wʋsg n paas Afrɩka goosneema wã sẽn na n sõng tɩ pʋg-sadb paam b zu-loees n paase.[13] A yeelame t'a tõog n põs pagb sẽn namsdã, bala a "yaa zabd wakat fãa", la a wɩsa ne a sũur fãa tɩ pagba wʋsg sẽn be CAR wã "ka mi b sor ye, tɩ b pa tõe n kogl-b ye".[10]

A Samba-Panza rɩka a politikã pipi tʋʋm yʋʋmd 2003 soabã, a sẽn paam n yɩ tẽnga pʋga taoor soab ning sẽn na n kɩt tɩ b maneg taab n yɩ a taoor soaba, a François Bozizé sẽn deeg a naamã n wa maan puugrã poore.[12] Rẽ poore, b yãka a Mart n yɩ kom-tĩnd ning sẽn na n pids tigis-kãnga saglsã.[6]

Bangui tẽnga taoor soaba

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A Samba-Panza yaa Bangui tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 2013 soabã kiuugã pʋgẽ, a Michel Djotodia sẽn deeg a naamã n wa maan puugr n wa n dɩ naam wã. A rɩka a naamã yʋʋmd 2013 tʋʋl kiuug rasem 14 soabã.[14][15] Baa a sẽn da yaa kiris-nedã, a sẽn yãk-a wã, a sẽn da pa kẽes a toog politikã pʋgẽ wã kɩtame tɩ b sak n deeg a tʋʋmdã ne a Séléka sẽn yaa Musulmanã la a sẽn yaa kiris-neb nins sẽn kɩɩsd Balaka wã.[16][17] A sẽn da yaa tẽnga taoor soaba, a yeelame t'a na n basa a naam n wa maan n yãk a meng n na n yãk a naam.[18]

A Samba-Panza sẽn yaa tẽn-kɩtbã taoor soaba, a tʋma b sẽn na n lebs n me tẽngã, t'a sẽn wa n sãam tẽn-kɩremsã poore. B ra zãaga tẽngã ligdã fãa, la b sãama a tʋʋm wʋsg. A sẽn da na n maan bũmb tɩ na n sõng tẽngã tɩ b paam ligd n sõng-a wã, a ra tara sor n na n paasda yaoodã la a ra baood n na n sõngda tẽns a taabã.[18] A sẽn da tʋmd to-to wã yĩnga, b pʋd-a-la t'a yaa "kẽeng kãsenga sẽn tar raoodã".[17] A sẽn lebg tẽnga taoor soaba wã yaa a Hyacinthe Wodobodé, sẽn yãk-a yʋʋmd 2014 t'a lebg tẽnga taoor soab.[19]

Prezida tekre

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A sẽn wa n dɩ naam

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Samba-Panza ne African Union soldiers yʋʋmd 2014

A Djotodia sẽn wa n dɩ naam yʋʋm a nii wã, a basa a naamã. A Samba-Panza yaa sẽn yãk-a t'a lebg prezida sẽn yaa wakat sẽn kaoosdã,[20] n na n lebs a prezida Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet.[21] B yãka-a-la ne kandidã a nii sẽn da segd n wilg tɩ b pa tar zood ne Séléka wã la Anti-balaka wã ye. A Samba-Panza yeela woto poore:[22] "Mam pa tõe n maan bũmb ye, tɩ b tẽngã pa le be ye".[her] A sẽn bool tɩ b sõs ne taab zabrã sasa wã,[17] b saka a sẽn maan bũmb ningã.[23] A sẽn tõog a Désiré Kolingba n yãk a yiib-n-soabã, a yeelame tɩ:[16]

"Mam sagenda m kambã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn kɩɩsd-b Balaka wã tɩ b bas b zabã la b bas zabã. Woto me yaa ne a Séléka-bã. B pa segd n zoe rabeem ye. Mam pa rat n le wʋm kʋʋb la kʋɩl-wẽnse yell ye. Sẽn sɩng ne rũndã, mam yaa Afirik sẽn be Centralã nebã fãa taoor soaba, tɩ b pa yiis-a ye."

A Samba-Panza rɩka a naam n yɩ tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 2014 yʋʋm kiuug rasem 23 soabã,[24] a sẽn na n tʋm n tãag yʋʋm 2015 wã.[20] A sẽn wa n wa n na n wa maan a naamã, zabr kʋ-a-la a roogẽ wã. A sẽn paam n lebg tẽnga taoor soaba wã yaa bõn-naands sẽn yɩ sõma ne nin-buiidã la sãambã sẽn yã a sẽn yãk n na n deeg nebã n yɩɩd t'a rɩk naam ne pãnga.[20]

Samba-Panza rɩka naam wakat sẽn yaa tõng wakat sẽn zĩnd kiris-neb ne Moslems sʋka, la b sẽn wa n get b sẽn na n tõog n maan bũmb ninsã.[25]A wilgame tɩ naongã la goosneerã sẽn pa tõog n tõog n tõogd n tõogd a taabã yaa rẽ n kɩt tɩ b wa n zabd ne taaba.[26] A Samba-Panza sẽn wa n wa n wa lebg tẽnga taoor soaba, yaa pipi pag sẽn wa n lebg tẽnga taoor soab.[25]Wakat kãnga, a ra yaa pagb a tãabã sʋka sẽn yaa Afrik tẽnga taoor dãmba, a Ellen Johnson Sirleaf sẽn be Liberiya la a Joyce Banda sẽn be Malawi. A Samba-Panza goma a Johnson Sirleaf yell n wilg a sẽn tõe n dɩk a togs-n-taare.[10] A sẽn yaa pʋg taoor soab wakat ning b sẽn wa n be beẽ wã, b ra getame tɩ yaa makr n wilgdẽ tɩ pag ne a ma tõe n paama laafɩ sẽn tõe n sõng-b tɩ b tõog n welg taab n zĩnd n zĩnd n pa beẽ ye.[17][20][25]Rẽ n so t'a yʋʋr boond-a t'a Ma wã sẽn yaa raoodã.[20] A ra tẽedame tɩ yaa a ba wã tʋʋmd n na n sõng tɩ laafɩ zĩnd a pʋgẽ, n yɩɩd a sẽn na n yɩ taoor soab sẽn yaa nin-tɩrsã.[17]

Naam wakato

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Samba-Panza ne U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry yʋʋmd 2016

A Samba-Panza sẽn yaa prezida wã yeelame tɩ a sẽn dat n maan bũmb ning n yɩɩd fãa yaa n lebs n paam bãan la tʋʋmde.[8] A ra tẽedame tɩ b yiibã yaa toor-toorã, bala b ra pa tar tʋʋm ye, la b ra tõe n maana wẽnga.[12] A Samba-Panza yeelame t'a sẽn wa n be a naamã sasa wã yaa "n na n lebs n kõ laafɩ la bãan, n paasg arzɛkã la a lebs n lebs n kɩt tɩ b tõog tõog n zĩnd sõma".[27] A Samba-Panza yeelame t'a pa tar politikã sẽn pa tar sor ye, bala a sẽn paamã yaa siglgã pʋgẽ, la a sẽn paam-a wã yĩnga, a leb n dɩka tʋʋm sẽn na yɩl n zab ne zãmbã.[8]

Sẽn mik tɩ CAR pa tar ligdi, a Samba-Panza goosneema wã basa a menga ne goosneema-rãmbã sõngr ye.[12] A Samba-Panza sakame tɩ Frans rãmb kẽes b toog CAR pʋgẽ. A yeelame tɩ yaa neb bilf bal n maan b sẽn maan to-to wã, tɩ b segd n sɩbg-b ned kam fãa, la pa b sẽn maand b toorẽ wã ye.[27]

A André Nzapayeké yaa kiris-ned la b yãk t'a yɩ ministɛɛr kãsma. A Samba-Panza yaool n dɩk a zĩig n dɩk a Mahamat Kamoun sẽn yaa Musulmanã n dɩk a zĩigẽ yʋʋmd 2014 t'a lebg a soab.[28] Sẽn mik tɩ Séléka pa tar zood ne Kamoun ye, b wẽna n na n boykot-a lame, la b yiis-a-la zabr sobgẽ wã.[29] A Samba-Panza kõo sor yʋʋmd 2015 t'a naan naan naan naan maan bʋ-kaoodb sẽn yaa b sẽn na n kao "tẽnga tʋʋm-wẽns sẽn yaa kãsenga sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 2003 wã tɛka" ne United Nations.[30] Yʋʋmd 2015 sigt kiuugã pʋgẽ, b sẽn wa n maand b sẽn da maand b sẽn pa tõe n maan bũmb ninsã kɩtame tɩ neb wʋsg maan maand n kos a Samba-Panza a naamã.[31] La yʋʋmd wã saabẽ wã, Human Rights Watch wilgame tɩ a Samba Panza zãma wã "maasa ne n tõog n lugl siglgã".[30] A prezidaarã neb sẽn get a naamã yell tagsdame tɩ a pa pidsd a sẽn da gũud bũmb ninsã ye.[32]

Yʋʋmd 2015 wã, b ra yãkame tɩ b maan yʋʋmd 2015 yʋʋm-vʋʋr kiuugã. A Samba-Panza pa segd n yɩ prezida sẽn yaa wakat sẽn kaoosdã ye. B basa a loogrã naoor wʋsgo, tɩ yaa tẽn-kãsengã pʋgẽ.[33] Sẽn paase, b pa yãt-b n na n maan n yãk b sẽn na n yãk ye ye. A sẽn wa n wa n na n wa baas a tʋʋmdã, a ra tagsdame tɩ bũmb wʋsg pa pids ye. Yaa woto: b sẽn na n yiis b zabã la b lebs n kẽes b mens n kẽes b toog zabrã pʋgẽ wã, b sẽn na yɩl tɩ b sigl b mens n paase, b sẽn sõngd b nin-buiidã tɩ b tõog n sõng b taabã, la b sẽn manegd b mens ne b taabã.[27] B sẽn wa n wa n maand b zabã, a Samba-Panza pa sak n deeg tɩ b na n maan b sẽn pa na n kõ b zabã ne pãnga ye.[34] A Samba-Panza yɩɩ tẽnga taoor soaba hal tɩ ta yʋʋmd 2016 tʋʋlg rasem 30 soabã,[27] tɩ a Faustin-Archange Touadéra maan pʋɩɩr t'a lebg a pʋɩt-n-taagã.[35]

Prezida wa poore

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Presidential campaign logo

A Samba-Panza kell n zĩnda Bangui a sẽn bas a tʋʋmdã poore,[36] la a kell n maana a tʋʋmd ne goosneema wã n yɩ sagend sẽn get laafɩ pʋga.[17] A lebga zab-teed getao ne Carter Centre,[36] n get zab-bɩɩsã sẽn be tẽns wala Liberia, Senegal [37]la Democratic Republic of the Congo[38]. A sẽn wa n bas a tʋʋmdã poore, a rɩka taoor-sobend tʋʋm me siglgã siglgã sigls pʋsẽ, n lebg Pan-African Women's Leadership Observatory taoor soaba, la Afrɩka sull sẽn get zab sẽn be zabrã tõkgo la b sẽn kẽes b toog ne b sʋka.[39]

Yʋʋmd August rasem 28 wã, a Samba-Panza wilgame t'a na n lʋɩɩsa yʋʋm 2020 wã taoor-soaballã pʋgẽ.[40] A wilgame t'a yaa politikã taoor dãmb wʋsg n da rat t'a yãk a tʋʋmdã n na n wa moonẽ. A Samba-Panza ra moondame n get siglgã la goosneerã yelle,[41] n yetẽ tɩ a sẽn wa n dɩ naam a poorẽ wã pa tõog n maan woto ye. A ra yaa pag ning bal n tõog n yãk a meng n yãk a naamã. A Samba-Panza pa tõog ye,[42] a paam n deeg n deeg n yãk neb 5,526, sẽn yaa n kõ-b n yãk neb nins fãa sẽn deeg n deeg b n yãkdã 0,86%.[43]

A Samba-Panza yaa politikã taoor dãmb wʋsg sʋka sẽn da pa tõe n yi tẽngã yʋʋmd 2021 yʋʋm-vẽkrã pʋgẽ ye. La b pa wilg a sẽn maan bũmb ningã ye. La pʋgl n waare, b wilgame tɩ b ket n maana vaeesg n na n bãng tɩ b sẽn da yet tɩ b yaa sodaas sẽn zab ne b mens n tʋmd ne tãb-biisã.[44][45]

Ges-y me

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Sebtiise

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  1. ↑ flemale-stephane (2011-07-05). "Nazaire Yalanga nouveau maire de Bangui, exit Ngoumbé Ketté". Radio Ndeke Luka (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Corbeaunews (2020-06-25). "RCA : qui est Catherine SAMBA-PANZA ? Jeunesse, études, carrière et entrée en politique - Corbeau News Centrafrique ou si b il LPP et actualités en République centrafricaine Corbeau News Centrafrique ou si b il LPP et actualités en République centrafricaine" (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "100Women | Avance Media | H.E Catherine Samba-Panza". 100women.avancemedia.org (in American English). Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  4. ↑ magazine, Le Point, (2014-01-20). Une femme élue à la présidence en Centrafrique (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ lesoir.be (2014-01-21). Une «maire courage» pour réconcilier ses enfants de République centrafricaine. Archived from the original on 2014-01-22.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "#ellessimposent : Catherine Samba-Panza, de la présidence centrafricaine au leadership féminin | TV5MONDE - Informations". information.tv5monde.com (in French). 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Centrafrique : biographie de Catherine Samba-Panza". www.centrafriqueledefi.com (in French). Archived from the original on 2024-07-22. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Catherine Samba-Panza sworn in as new CAR president". France 24 (in English). 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Centrafrique : 5 choses à savoir sur Catherine Samba Panza, la nouvelle présidente de transition". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Smith, David (2014-03-02). Can Catherine Samba-Panza save the Central African Republic? (in British English). ISSN 0261-3077.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Heath-Brown, Nick, ed. (2015). The Statesman’s Yearbook 2016. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8. ISSN 0081-4601.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 CAR – Catherine Samba-Panza (in English). Vol. 51. 2014. pp. 19985A – 19985A. doi:10.1111/j.1467-825X.2014.05506.x. ISSN 1467-825X.
  13. ↑ "African Women Entrepreneurs Call for Support of Africa Free Trade". Voice of America (in English). 2022-11-17. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  14. ↑ "Centrafrique : 5 choses à savoir sur Catherine Samba Panza, la nouvelle présidente de transition". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  15. ↑ flemale-stephane (2013-06-14). "Catherine Samba Panza prête serment à Bangui". Radio Ndeke Luka (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Central African Republic MPs elect Catherine Samba-Panza (in British English). 2014-01-20.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 https://cmi.fi/2017/04/13/called-children-lay-arms/
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 https://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/Monde/En-Centrafrique-une-maire-courage-2013-07-08-983710
  19. ↑ http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140208-centrafrique-hyacinthe-wodobode-nouvelle-maire-bangui
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Smith, David (2014-01-25). Central African Republic's 'Mother Courage' fights to bring peace where the men have failed (in British English). ISSN 0261-3077.
  21. ↑ "Central African Republic's capital tense as ex-leader heads into exile". uk.reuters.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-14. Retrieved 2025-07-24. {{cite web}}: Text "Reuters" ignored (help)
  22. ↑ "CAR appoints Bangui mayor as interim leader". Al Jazeera (in English). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  23. ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/01/car-leader-pledges-talks-with-armed-groups-201412285543966125.html
  24. ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/01/new-car-leader-sworn-as-tensions-escalate-2014123162736447639.html
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Nossiter, Adam (2014-01-20). Woman Chosen to Lead Central African Republic Out of Mayhem (in American English). ISSN 0362-4331.
  26. ↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/video/africa/2014/02/political-manipulation-blamed-car-unrest-201429235449737704.html
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 https://www.dw.com/en/samba-panza-i-have-accomplished-my-mission/a-19051938
  28. ↑ "CAR president appoints first Muslim PM". Al Jazeera (in English). Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  29. ↑ Reporter, Staff (2014-08-11). "Seleka ex-rebels refuse to join new CAR government". The Mail & Guardian (in English). Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Human Rights Watch (2016-01-08). Central African Republic: Events of 2015 (in English).
  31. ↑ "Eye on Africa - Samba-Panza: Former officials are 'trying to return to power'". France 24 (in English). 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  32. ↑ "#ellessimposent : Catherine Samba-Panza, de la présidence centrafricaine au leadership féminin | TV5MONDE - Informations". information.tv5monde.com (in French). 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  33. ↑ Dembassa-Kette, Crispin. Former Central African Republic PM leads in presidential vote (in American English). Archived from the original on 2019-04-11.
  34. ↑ "Central African Republic goes back to square one". www.thenewhumanitarian.org (in English). 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  35. ↑ CAR presidential election: Faustin Touadera declared winner (in British English). 2016-02-20.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Que sont-ils devenus ? Salou Djibo, Hédi Jilani et Catherine Samba-Panza". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-25.
  37. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region-40727837
  38. ↑ https://www.africanews.com/2023/12/22/dr-congo-voting-operations-had-gone-relatively-well-observer-mission-says/
  39. ↑ https://www.policycenter.ma/index.php/expertexterne/catherine-samba-panza
  40. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-825X.2020.09606.x
  41. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-vote-sambapanza-idUSKBN25O2MB
  42. ↑ https://www.africapresse.paris/Catherine-SAMBA-PANZA-seule-femme-candidate-a-la-presidentielle-en-Centrafrique
  43. ↑ https://jfaki.blog/archives/10111
  44. ↑ Human Rights Watch (2021-12-22). Central African Republic: Events of 2021 (in English).
  45. ↑ Alwihda, Info. "Centrafrique : l'ex-présidente Samba-Panza interdite de quitter le pays". Alwihda Info - Actualités TCHAD, Afrique, International (in French). Retrieved 2025-07-25. 
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