Highlife
| Subclass of | music of West Africa  |
|---|---|
| Inception | 1965 |
| Location | Greater Accra Region |
| Country of origin | Ghana |
| Intangible cultural heritage status | National Register – Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ghana, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
Highlife yaa Ghana wã mizik buud sẽn sɩng yʋʋmd 19 soabã pʋgẽ, sẽn yaa British wã soolmẽ wã, la sẽn yaa tẽn-bɛdã teed sẽn be koom-koglgã pʋga. A tara Africa metr ne Zapẽ jazz melodies wʋsg sẽn be zĩig ning fãa.[1] A tũnugda ne Africa mizik ning sẽn yaa melodik la sẽn yaa a sẽn yaa a to wã, la a yaa sẽn yaa a yembr ne tẽns a taab sẽn yaa Zapẽ wã. A Highlife wã yaa jazz yɩɩl la gitar sẽn wilgd b sullã, la a tũnugda ne b nug-bi-biri wã sẽn yaa Afrika mizikã sẽn yaa to-to wã. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 2010 wã saabẽ, sẽn yɩɩd fãa yʋʋmd 2018 wã, a paama yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma n paasdẽ.[2][3]
A Highlife rãmbã ra nong-a lame, la b ra moondẽ Africa tẽnsẽ wã. B sẽn yaa taoor dãmb wa Cardinal Rex Lawson, E.T. Mensah, Victor Uwaifo, fãa tõog n tõog n wʋm yɩɩl kãngã n dɩk b sẽn da nong Africa wã n kõ-b la "Native Blues" sẽn be tẽns a taab pʋsẽ wã.[1] Siglgã sẽn wa n be n be n na n tõog n zab ne nin-buiidã, a paama a waoogr wʋsg n paas a sẽn da nong n yɩɩl n yɩɩd nin-buiidã fãa.[4]
A Highlife rãmbã sẽn be Ghana wã, b sẽn da wa n beẽ wã, b ra ket n tara b mens ne b tẽedbã.[5] Yʋʋmd 2025 soabã, UNESCO wilgame tɩ b tara a sẽn yaa buud-gomd sẽn pa tar yõod ne nebã.[6]
Kibare
[tekre | teke sidgem]A sẽn yaa wa a sẽn datã yaa a sẽn na n maan to-to wã.[2] B sẽn wilg tɩ b sẽn maan bũmb ning n na n maan n zab ne b rãmbã, b wilgame tɩ b sẽn maand bũmb ning n zab ne nebã wã yaa wa b sẽn maan n zabd ne b rãmbã. B sẽn boond tɩ " clave " wã yaa Ghana tẽnga, la b tũnugda ne-a n maand yɩɩr.[3]
A Highlife sɩngrẽ yaa Afirik Wɛtgã soolmẽ wã, la a yaa tẽn-tẽnsã sẽn da yaa tẽn-bɛd la tẽn-bɛdã.
Palm wine music
[tekre | teke sidgem]Palm wine music b sẽn boond tɩ maringa wã Sierra Leone wã, yaa buud a yembr sẽn yi koom-koglgã zĩndi, tɩ tẽn-kãng yɩɩl-dãmb sɩng n tũnugda ne tʋʋm-teed nins ra yaa ra-maandbã sẽn tall n tall n na n naag-b ne tẽn-tẽngã tãns-dãmb la tãns-tũnsã. Naoor wʋsgo, b ra maanda yɩɩl ne 4/4 meter. Yɩɩll-kãngã ra yɩɩdda koom-koglgã kʋɩlgã zĩis nins b sẽn da boond tɩ palma-waynã sẽn yaa b sẽn pa tar yõodã pʋsẽ, tɩ koom-kogendbã, sẽn tʋmd-b koom-koglgẽ wã n paas tʋm-tʋmdbã ra yũuda la b kelgd-a. La yɩɩl ning sẽn naag ne rãamã paasa a sẽn wa n wa n wa be tẽngã pʋgẽ wã, la b lebg n wa n lebg n lebg n wa ne a buud-goam sẽn yaa 12/8 polyrhythms. Woto kɩtame tɩ b ra nong-a hal tɩ tãag dũni gill zabr a yiib-n-soabã, b sẽn wa n yiisd yɩɩl-kãensã wã, b pa le maand ye.[1]
Brass-band highlife
[tekre | teke sidgem]B ra maanda yɩɩl sẽn wõnd b sẽn da maand ne b sãambã sẽn be European tẽnsẽ wã. Soja wã ra tũnugda ne b sẽn da be be wã yɩɩl-dãmb b tãnsãbẽ wã pʋgẽ, n zãmsd-b yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma. B sẽn yã tɩ b sẽn da maand yɩɩl n pa tar b sẽkã, b ra maanda yɩɩl sẽn yaa a West Indian rãmbã. Sẽn yaa to-to wã, b sẽn da wa n maand yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma ne b sẽn da maand yɩɩl wʋsg n getẽ wã kɩtame tɩ b tõog n yɩɩl n yɩɩl wa b sẽn boond tɩ adaha, la b tõog n maan yɩɩl sẽn tar ligd sẽn ka to wã n boond tɩ konkoma. Yaa woto la jazz sẽn dog New Orleans wã.[1]
Dance and guitar band highlife
[tekre | teke sidgem]yʋʋmd 1920 wã, Ghana wã miisdb rɩka taab n paas b sẽn da tar pãng ne sãambã, wala foxtrot la calypso, ne Ghana wã miis wala osibisaba (Fante).[4] A ra yaa Afirik tẽnga nin-tũusds sẽn da be tẽngẽ wã, la a ra yaa neb wʋsg sẽn boond tɩ Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies la Accra Orchestra sẽn be tẽngẽ.[4] Neb nins sẽn da nong mizikã b sẽn da be tigimsã pʋsẽ wã ra pʋd-a-la a yʋʋrã. Dẽnsa yɩɩl-tʋʋmdã taoor soab a Yebuah Mensah (E.T. Mensah ba-biig a ye) yeela a John Collins yʋʋmd 1973 t'a "highlife" gomdã yii yʋʋmd 1920 wã sɩngrẽ "b sẽn boond tɩ "n-tɩrse" sẽn yaa yɩɩl nins sẽn yaa tẽng zugẽ wã sẽn yaa yɩɩll sẽn yaa rap sẽn yaa Jazz Kings, Cape Coast Sugar Babies, Sekondi Nanshamang la sẽn paase, Accra Orchestra wã sẽn da beẽ wã. Neb nins sẽn be be wã boond-a tɩ "highlife", bala b pa ta beẽ wã neb nins sẽn kẽed ne-b kãadmã sẽn da pa tõe n kẽed ne wã ye. B ra pa segd n yao ligd sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩd ye.[7]
A Jacob Asare (tõnd boond-a me t'a Kwame Asare bɩ a Jacob Sam) yaa Ghana pipi miis sẽn tall yɩɩl sẽn be yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma wã pʋgẽ. Yʋʋmd 1928 wã, a ne a sullã, a Kumasi Trio, yɩɩla "Yaa Amponsah" (Amponsah Parts I & II) Londẽ, Zonophone lagendã yĩnga. B sẽn gʋls-b-la yaa Ghana wã gilg-n-taagã pipi mak-sõngo.[8][9][10] Yʋʋmd 1930 wã tɛka, Ghana tʋmtʋmdbã sẽn da yaa b sẽn da tar yɩɩlã ra tar n kẽngda Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria la Gambia, tẽns a taab sẽn be Afirik Wɛtgã sʋka.
Yʋʋmd 1940 wã, b ra pa mi b sẽn na n yɩɩl to-to wã ye. Gitarã sullã ra yaa sull sẽn pa tar pãng n yɩɩd pĩnda, la sɩngrẽ wã, yaa tẽn-gãongã pʋsẽ la b ra nong n moondẽ. Sẽn yaa lebend ne yɩɩl nins b sẽn da boond tɩ seprewa wã, yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã ra nong n dɩkda gita wã. B leb n tũnugda ne dagomba wã sẽn yaa b sẽn dɩk n kõ Kru koom-kogendbã sẽn yit Liberia wã.[4] B ra gomda yɩɩl,[11] bobs la karẽ-rãmbã yell me. E.K. Nyame ne a Akan Trio sõngame tɩ b bãngd tigis-n-taagã sẽn yaa sõma wã, la b yiis yɩɩl 400 a Nyame vɩɩmã pʋgẽ.[4] La yɩɩl-tʋʋmdã sẽn yaa sõma wã ra yaa tẽn-tẽnsã pʋsẽ. La zabrã poore, b sɩngame n dɩk yɩɩl-dãmb sull sẽn yaa kãsenga n lebs n dɩk yɩɩll-dãmb nins sẽn yaa kãenkãe, tɩ b bãng tɩ b yɩɩl-doogã yaa E.T. Mensah ne b tãnga. Sã n wa yaa ne sãambã sẽn da yi wã, nebã ra yaa Gana nebã, la b yɩɩlã ra toeemda n zems ne b sẽn datã. A Mensah yʋʋr yɩɩ kãseng a sẽn wa n yɩɩ ne a Louis Armstrong sẽn be Akra yʋʋmd 1956 wã poore. A paama yʋʋr sẽn boond t'a "Highlife rĩmã".[4] Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1950 wã, yɩɩl-gʋlsd a King Bruce me ra yaa kãseng n yɩɩdã. Neb a taab sẽn wa n be wã yaa: The Red Spots, Rhythm Aces, The Ramblers la Broadway-Uhuru.
Ghana nebã sẽn da be tẽn-zẽmsẽ wã
[tekre | teke sidgem]Sẽn yaa to-to wã, yaa sẽn na yɩl tɩ b tõog n paam n paam n tõog n kẽ Ghana wã. B sẽn da wa n wa n dat n paam n kẽ Ghana, b sẽn da wa ne zu-loees wʋsg n dat n kẽed n kẽed ne tẽns a taab n tɩ kẽed ne taaba, yaa sẽn kẽed ne politikã la b sẽn da pa le tar laafɩ wã.[5]
Burger highlife
[tekre | teke sidgem]Germany-dãmb sẽn be Ghana wã ra tara yɩɩl sẽn yaa sõma n paas fãnga, disko la pop sẽn yaa sõma. B tẽedame tɩ b boond-a lame tɩ Burger Highlife, bala Ghana nebã sẽn yɩɩd fãa ra be Hamburg. Yɩɩllã ra yaa b sẽn da wilgd ne neb nins sẽn da wa n be Germany ne Gana wã. Sẽn paase, b ra na n wilgame tɩ b tũnugda ne teknolozã sẽn yaa sõma n paase.
Gospel highlife
[tekre | teke sidgem]B sẽn get a wã sẽn yaa yɩɩl buud sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd Ghana nebã fãa wã la a sẽn beẽ wã, a gospel highlife rãmbã sẽn pa tar pãng n yɩɩd Burger wã wã, b sẽn maan woto wã yĩnga. B sẽn boond tɩ Burger wã yaa buud toor-toore, la b sẽn boond tɩ Christianism la Pentecostalism wã n kɩt tɩ b bãng-a. A sẽn tar yõod ne nin-buiidã sʋka, yaa a sẽn tõe n sõng Ghana nebã tɩ b paam vɩɩm la b bãngrã.
Jazz pʋsẽ Ghana
[tekre | teke sidgem]yʋʋmd 1950 wã
[tekre | teke sidgem]A E.T. Mensah ne a Kofi Ghana ba ra yaa yɩɩl-tʋʋmd sẽn tar yõod wʋsg Ghana. Yʋʋmd 1950 wã saabẽ wã, jazz-tõndb wʋsg sɩngame n wat Ghana, wala a Ahmad Jamal la a Louis Armstrong sẽn zĩnd Ghana (1956 la 1960). A Armstrong sull ning sẽn boond t'a All Stars wã sull ning sẽn yaa a Edmond Hall wa Gana yʋʋmd 1959 n na n sigl jazz sull sẽn kaoosd bilfu Accra.
A Guy Warren yɩɩ yɩɩl-gʋlsd sẽn zĩnd E.T. Mensah la The Tempos sʋka, n yaool n kẽng America n tʋm ne yɩɩl-kãsems wala Red Saunders n tall album ning b sẽn boond tɩ Africa Speaks, America Answers, la a yɩɩl ne a Duke Ellington Chicago wakat bilf pʋgẽ. A Warren n wa n wa n kɩt tɩ b bãng tɩ b sẽn wa n get Afro-American rãmb yɩɩlã pa tar pãng Afirican-America wã sẽn da yaa "Afriik mizik vʋʋgrã" sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm 50 wã saabẽ wã ye.[12]
yɩɩl bʋʋdu
[tekre | teke sidgem]A zɩɩga[13]
- Piãn-soab a Randy Weston maana album sẽn boond tɩ Highlife yʋʋmd 1963 wã, sẽn tarẽ wes-afriki wã yɩɩl-gʋlsdb a Bobby Benson ("Niger Mambo") la a Guy Warren (Kofi Ghanaba) ("Mystery of Love") yɩɩl-kãsems.
- Saksofonist a Pharoah Sanders yɩɩl n tall yɩɩl sẽn boond tɩ "High Life" yʋʋmd 1981 wã.
- Gitarist a Sonny Sharrock yɩɩl n da boond tɩ "Highlife" a sẽn da yiis album ning sẽn boond tɩ woto wã (1990).
- A Craig Harris (trombone) ra tara yɩɩl sẽn boond tɩ "High Life" album ning sẽn boond tɩ F-Stops (1993).
Ges-y me
[tekre | teke sidgem]Sebtiise
[tekre | teke sidgem]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-1430
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Eyre, Banning (2006: 9). "Highlife guitar example" Africa: Your Passport to a New World of Music. Alfred Pub.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Peñalosa, David (2010: 247). The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00salm
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 https://worldcat.org/oclc/900017261
- ↑ https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251217-ghana-s-highlife-finds-its-rhythm-on-unesco-world-stage
- ↑ Collins, John (1986). E. T. Mensah: King of Highlife. London: Off The Record Press. p. 10.
- ↑ https://african-research.com/research/music/legends-of-ghanaian-highlife-music-kwame-asare-jacob-sam-1903-1950s/
- ↑ https://www.scribd.com/document/863564238/TheEarlyHistoryofMusicRecordinginGhana
- ↑ https://www.afrisson.com/1928-jacob-sam-kumasi-trio-10854/
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=yIHfybGz5HoC&q=ek+nyame&pg=PA21
- ↑ https://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674065246
- ↑ https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/jazz-ghana