Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi

neda

Sex or gender	male
Country of citizenship	India
Name in native language	મોહનદાસ ગાંધી
Birth name	મોહનદાસ ગાંધી
Given name	Mohandas
Family name	Gandhi
Nickname	बापू, बापू जी, राष्ट्रपिता
Date of birth	2 Zĩ-likr kiuugu 1869
Zĩ-ninga o roge	Porbandar
Date of death	30 Yuum-vẽkr kiuugu 1948
Place of death	Gandhi Smriti
Manner of death	homicide
Cause of death	gunshot wound
Killed by	Nathuram Godse
Place of burial	Raj Ghat and associated memorials
Father	Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi
Mother	Putlibai Karamchand Gandhi
Sibling	Raliatbehn Gandhi, Muliben Gandhi, Pankunvarben Gandhi, Laxmidas Karamchand Gandhi, Karsandas Gandhi
Spouse	Kasturba Gandhi
Child	Harilal Gandhi, Manilal Gandhi, Manilal gandhi, Devdas Gandhi
Native language	Gujarati
Languages spoken, written or signed	Gujarati
Writing language	Gujarati, हिन्दी, English
Place of detention	Yerawada Central Jail, Aga Khan Palace, Yerawada Central Jail, Yerawada Central Jail
Field of work	philosophy, jurisprudence, pacifism
Educated at	Mahatma Gandhi Museum, Inner Temple, University College London, Samaldas Arts College
Student of	Shrimad Rajchandra
Student	Vinoba Bhave
Honorific prefix	Mahatma
Residence	London, India, South Africa
Start of work period	1893
End of work period	1948
Member of political party	Indian National Congress, Natal Indian Congress
Lifestyle	vegetarianism
Ethnic group	Gujarati people
Religion or worldview	Hinduism
Hair style / hair length	bald head
Eye color	dark brown
Last words	हे राम
Handedness	left-handedness
Participated in conflict	Salt March
Magnum opus	satyagraha
Movement	nonviolence
Member of	Inner Temple, Vegetarian Society
Political ideology	Gandhism
Replaced by	Sarojini Naidu
Award received	Time Person of the Year, Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo, Queen's South Africa Medal, Natal Native Rebellion Medal, Kaisar-i-Hind Medal
Nominated for	Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Peace Prize
Present in work	Civilization V
Described at URL	http://gadyakosh.org/gk/महात्मा_गांधी

(2-yʋʋr kiuug rasem 1869 - 1 yʋʋm-vẽk kiuug rasem 30 yʋʋm 1948) yaa Indi wã sɛb-soab, koloneel-dãmb zabd sẽn zabd ne politikã, la politikã yel-gɛt sẽn tʋmda ne nin-buiid sẽn pa zabd ne b sẽn pa zab ne nin-buiidã n na n tõog n zab ne Indi wã sẽn pa beẽ ne Britɩn soolmã.[2] A kɩtame tɩ b tõog n zab ne nin-tɩrse la b tɩ looge dũniyã gill zugu. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit pʋgẽ, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ sũ-noog soaba, bɩ waoogd soaba), sẽn da pipi n zĩnd a zug Afrika soolmẽ wã yʋʋmd 1914 wã, yaa b sẽn tũnugd ne dũniyã gill zugu.

A Gandhi rogame la a bɩɩs a Zeova Kaset rãmbã zakẽ, Gujarat soolmẽ wã. A Gandhi zãms-a-la sɛb a sẽn da tar n be Londr wã wã. A wa n kẽe sɛb roogẽ a sẽn da tara yʋʋm 22 wã. A Gandhi sẽn da wa n zĩnd yʋʋm a yiib sẽn pa tar pʋ-peelem n be Indi wã, la a pa tõog n sɩng a tʋʋmdã sõma ye, a kolga Afirik-Bĩngr yʋʋmd 1893 n na n wilg Indi kom-biis a ye sẽn da be a zĩigẽ. A zĩnda Afirik Kibar yʋʋm 21. A Gandhi zĩnda be n wub a zakã rãmb la a sɩng n zãag n zab ne nebã tɩ b tõog n zab ne b mens ne b mens n kõ-b sor n tõog n zabd ne b mens ye. Yʋʋmd 1915 wã, a sẽn tar yʋʋm 45 wã, a lebg n wa n waa Ɛndɩtɛɛr n wa n sigl siglsã, kom-bõon-dãmbã la tẽngã tʋmtʋmdbã n wilg b sẽn na n kɩɩs b sẽn maand b sẽn pa segd n maan to-to wã la b sẽn na yɩl n wilg b mens tɩ b pa tar sor n kõ-b la b pa segd n yao b tẽngã rẽnna.

A Gandhi sẽn wa n dɩ naam n na n yɩ Indiens Kongre wã taoor soaba yʋʋmd 1921 wã, a wa n lʋɩɩsa tẽn-tẽngã fãa pʋgẽ n na n sõng tɩ b tõog n boog naongã, n paas pagb zu-sobendã, n paas tũudum la buud toor-toorã zoodã, n kɩt tɩ b tõog tɩ b pa tõe n sɩɩs-b ye, la sẽn yɩɩd fãa, n tõog n tõog n paam tɩ b tõog b mens n soog b mens ye. A Gandhi rɩka dhoti-kẽng sẽn yaa b sẽn da tigsd ne nusã n wilg t'a yaa ned sẽn mi n mi n yaa a Indi wã tẽn-kɩremsã naong soaba. A sɩngame n vɩ ned sẽn tar a meng pãnga, n dɩtẽ rɩɩb sẽn yaa nana, la a rɩt noor wʋsg n maan tɩ yɩ sor n na n maan gũusgu la politik n wilg a sũurẽ t'a pa mi a sẽn na n maan bũmb ye. A Gandhi sẽn wa n zab ne nin-buiidã, a kɩtame tɩ b kɩɩs b sẽn da get tɩ b segd n yaood n yiis zu-loeesã, la a wa n bool tɩ b yi n bas Ɛnd soolmã yʋʋmd 1942. A zĩnda bi-bees roogẽ naoor wʋsgo, la a zĩnda yʋʋm wʋsg Afirik-Bĩngr la Ind soolmẽ wã.

A Gandhi sẽn da get tɩ b na n sigla b toorẽ India sẽn yaa tũudum wʋsg wɛɛngẽ wã, b sẽn da wa n getã yaa tɩ b pa segd n sak n deeg tɩ b sẽn yaa b sẽn yaa a Mooslemã pa segd n paame. Yʋʋmd 1947 tʋʋlg kiuugã, Britɩni wã paamame tɩ b lebg b toorẽ, la b pʋɩ-a lame tɩ yaa Indi la Pakistan. B sẽn wa n wa n tɩ kõ-b b tẽn-paalgã, Hindus, Moslems la Sikhs wʋsg sẽn yi b tẽn-kãens pʋsẽ wã, b wa n wa ne b tũudmã pãnga, sẽn yɩɩd fãa Punjab la Bengal soolmẽ. A Gandhi zãagame n na n tɩ maan a meng ne a Zeova Kaset rãmbã n wilg tɩ b pa tar sor n maan b sẽn dat n maan bũmb ninsã ye. Sẽn pʋg-a wã, a maana kom kʋɩl-kɩɩm naoor wʋsgo, n na n kɩt tɩ b ra wa maan wẽnga tũudmã wɛɛngẽ ye. Yaa yʋʋmd 1948 yʋʋm-vẽkr kiuug rasem 12 daarã la a Gandhi maan yʋʋm 78. A Gandhi sẽn da pa rat n maan bũmb a to n na n sõng a Pakistã la a Indi wã sẽn yaa a sẽn pa mi a Zeova wã, a ra pa tẽed tɩ b na n maan bũmb tɩ sãam a sũur ye. A Nathuram Godse sẽn da yaa Hindus neb sẽn da yaa zab-n-taag n be Poone, Ind soolmã sẽn be mogrã, n kʋ a Gandhi wã, a sẽn kʋ a toog zug koglg a tãabo yʋʋmd 1948 yʋʋmdã, yʋʋm-vʋʋr kiuug rasem 30 wã, a Delhi, tũudum toor-toorã pʋʋsg tigissã sasa.

A Gandhi rogem daar sẽn yaa Oktoobar 2 wã, b tẽegda a Indi wã n yeel t'a Gandhi Jayanti yaa tẽngã kibs la dũniyã gill zugu, b tẽegd-a n yeel t"a Zeova Kaset rãmbã daarã". A Gandhi yaa b sẽn da boond tɩ b "maam" wã. B sẽn wa n moond n moond n zabd ne tẽngã, b boond-b lame tɩ Bapu.

Bi-bɩɩg sẽn sɩng ne a vɩɩmã

A-rogdse

A Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), yɩɩ Porbandar soolmã taoor lʋɩtb sull (ministre kãsenga). A zakã yita Kutiana tẽn-tẽnga sẽn da be Junagadh soolmẽ wã. Baa a Karamchand sẽn da yaa goosneerã pʋgẽ la a paam zãmsgo, a wilgame t'a yaa ministɛɛr sẽn tar tõog n tõog n tʋmã.

A Karamchand kẽe kãadem naoor a naase. A pagbã a yiib-n-soabã ki-la bi-bɩɩg bala, tɩ b fãa dog bi-pugli. La a tãab-n-saarã kãadem pa tar bi-rib ye. Yʋʋmd 1857 wã, a Karamchand baoame a pagã a tãab-n-soabã sor n na n kẽ kãadem. Yʋʋmd kãng bala, a kẽe kãadem ne a Putlibai (1844-1891), sẽn yaa Junagadh ned me, la a ra yita Pranami Vaishnava zakã pʋgẽ. Karamchand ne a Putlibai paama kambã a naas: biig a ye, a Laxmidas (s. 1860-1914); bi-pugl a ye, Raliatbehn (1862-1960); a yiib-n-soabã, a Karsandas (s. 1866-1913). la a tãab soaba, a Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, b dogame yʋʋmd 1869 kiuug rasem 2 daar Porbandar (b sẽn boond tɩ Sudamapuri) sẽn yaa tẽng sẽn be ko-kãsengã zug Kathiawar Peninsula wã, la sẽn wa n yaa Porbandar soolmã sẽn yaa kãsenga pʋga.

Yʋʋmd 1874 wã, a Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand, yi Porbandar n kẽng Rajkot soolmẽ wã, n lebg a Thakur Sahib sẽn yaa a rĩmã saglg soaba. Baa ne a Rajkot sẽn pa tar waoogd n yɩɩd Porbandar soolmẽ wã wã, b ra tara Britani wã siglgã sẽn get politikã yell n getẽ. Yʋʋmd 1876 wã, a Karamchand lebga Rajkot diwan la a ba-biig a Tulsidas n wa n dɩ a naamã. A Karamchand zakã rãmb leb n zĩndame n zĩnd ne-a Rajkot. B kolga b zakẽ, Kaba Gandhi No Delo, yʋʋmd 1881.

A bi-biilim

A Gandhi sẽn da yaa bi-bɩɩg n da yaa a ba-bi-poak a Raliat sẽn yeel t'a "ka tar vʋʋsg wa merkur, a sẽn da maand yɩɩr bɩ a sẽn da kẽnd n kẽndẽ wã ye. A sẽn da nong n maand yɩɩr n wẽed wũnda tʋb ye". A Gandhi yeela a vɩɩmã pʋgẽ tɩ b kɩtame t'a yamã pa le tol n tol n tol tɩ loog ye. A Gandhi yeela woto: "B ra namsd-m lame, la m segd n maana wa a Harishchandra naoor wʋsgo". A Gandhi sẽn wa n wilg tɩ yẽ mengã nonga sɩdã la nonglem n yɩɩd bũmb fãa wã, yaa neb nins sẽn gʋlsd Biiblã pʋgẽ wã n wilg rẽ.

B ra yaa tũudum rãmb wʋsgo. A Mohandas rogame Gujarati Hindu Modh Bania zakã pʋgẽ. A Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand, yaa Hindus la a ma a Putlibai yita Hindus zakã pʋgẽ. A Gandhi ba wã yaa Modh Baniya buud sẽn be Vaishya wã pʋga. A ma yita kareng sẽn boond tɩ Krishna bhakti wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn yit Wẽnnaam nengẽ wã. A sẽn gʋls bũmb nins sẽn be Biiblã pʋgẽ wã yaa Bhagavad Gita, Bhagavata Purana, la Biiblã sẽn tar sɛb 14 sẽn tar zãmsgo. A Maari sẽn da yaa ned sẽn sakd Wẽnnaam hal wʋsgo, n da "ka tags n na n dɩ n da wa pʋʋs a Zeova daar fãa ye. A ra maanda pʋlem-peelmã n pa basd a meng ye. A ra pa segd n zãad a meng ne a Zeova ye.

A Gandhi sẽn wa n tar yʋʋm a nii wã, a kẽnga Rajkot lekoll sẽn be be zĩig ning sẽn pẽ a roogã pʋgẽ. Be, a zãmsda matematiki, siglgã, Gujarati buud-gomdã la geograafã yɛl sẽn pa nana. A Gandhi sẽn wa n tar yʋʋm 11, a kẽnga Rajkot High School, Alfred High School. A ra yaa karen-biiga, n paam n paam kũun wʋsgo, la a ra yaa yãbga la a ra pa tar ratem ne yɩɩl ye. A Gandhi tũud-n-taagã bal n da yaa sɛb la lekollã lekollã.

A furibu

Yʋʋmd 1883 kiuugã, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 13 wã kẽe kãadem ne a Kasturbai Gokuldas Kapadia sẽn da tar a yʋʋm 14 wã (a yʋʋr sẽn da yaa "Kasturba", la a sẽn da nong a soabã, a "Ba") kãadem pʋgẽ, wa sẽn zems ne tẽn-kãng minimã. A sẽn wa n wa n zãmsd Biiblã, a paama yʋʋm a ye lekollẽ, la rẽ poore, b kõo-a sor n na n le paas a zãmsgã pãnga. A Gandhi yikãadmã yɩɩ bũmb sẽn da yaa taab n maan tɩ a saam-biig ne a yao-rãmb me kẽ kãadem. A Gandhi sẽn tẽeg b kãadmã daarã, a yeela woto: "Tõnd sẽn da pa mi kãadem yell wʋsg yĩnga, tõnd ra segd n yeelga fu-paals toor-toorã, n dɩdd kom-bõoneg la d kẽnd ne d roagdba". Wala sẽn da yaa a minimã, pʋg-paalã ra segd n zĩnda a roagdbã zakẽ n pa ne a sɩdã ye.

Yʋʋm wʋsg poore, a Gandhi gʋlsa a sẽn da tagsd a pʋg-paalgã yelle. A yeela woto: "Rɩk b sẽn da be lekollẽ wã, m ra tagsdame tɩ a na n wa wa wa waame, la m ra tagsdẽ tɩ yʋng na n wa n wa n sa, la tɩ d na n wa tigim taab n na n wa zĩndẽ". A Gandhi wa n tẽra tɩ b ra nong-a lame, la b ra nong a pagã wʋsgo. Wala makre, a Kasturba sẽn da wa n wat n kẽed wẽnd-doogẽ ne a kom-bi-pogsã, la a ra nong-b lame.

Yʋʋmd 1885 wã saabẽ, a Gandhi ba wã, a Karamchand, kiime. A Gandhi sẽn wa n na n ki wã, a yiisa a ba wã gãag n na n zĩnd ne a pagã. Yʋʋm kobs wʋsg poore, a Gandhi gʋlsa woto: "Wẽnnaam sẽn da nong rũmsã sã n da pa kɩt tɩ m lebg nin-vɩɩs ye, b ra segd n zãmsa maam ne b ba wã sẽn da wa n pa le nong-a wã". La wakat sẽn looge, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 16 wã ne a pagã sẽn da tar a yʋʋm 17 wã paama b pipi bi-riblã, la a kiime rasem a wãn bal. A Gandhi sẽn ki wã kɩtame t'a sũur sãam wʋsgo. A Gandhi wã paama kom-biis a naas n paase, la b fãa yaa kom-bõonego: a Harilãll sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1888; a Manilil sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1892; a Ramdas sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1897; la a Devdas sẽn dog yʋʋm 1900.

Yʋʋmd 1887 noobõorẽ, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 18 wã paama a diplôme Ahmedabad lekollẽ. [35] Yʋʋmd 1888 wã, a kẽnga Samaldas College sẽn be Bhavnagar soolmẽ wã, sẽn da yaa tẽn-kãng zug kareng sẽn kõt karengã. La a Gandhi basa a tʋʋmdã n lebg n wa a zakã rãmb nengẽ Porbandar.

Lekollẽ wã poore, a Gandhi zãmsga paama pãng Gujarati sɛbã sẽn zãms-a wã yĩnga, sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn da get-a n get-a wã, a Narmad la a Govardhanram Tripathi sẽn tall tʋʋm sẽn kɩt tɩ Gujarati nebã bãng b kongrã la b pãn-komsemsã, wala b sẽn tẽed tũudum pʋ-tẽebã.

A yʋʋm ataab London puga

Laloa Karimbiiga

A Gandhi basa kolɛj-kãsenga sẽn yaa toogo a sẽn tõe n dɩk Bombay pʋgẽ. A Mavji Dave Joshiji, sẽn yaa brahmin-rãmb maan-kʋʋd la a zakã zoa, sagla a Gandhi ne a zakã rãmb tɩ b bao n zãms sɛb Londõ. Yʋʋmd 1888 tʋʋlg kiuugã, a Gandhi pagã, a Kasturba dogame n dog b pipi biig a ye, a Harilal. A Gandhi ma ra pa noom ne a pagã la a zakã rãmb sẽn bas-a wã n loog n yi be ye. A Gandhi yaab a Tulsidas me ra baood n na n kɩtame t'a saam-biigã ra pa le tõe n maan woto ye. Sẽn na yɩl n tõog a pagã ne a ma wã n wʋm, a Gandhi wẽename t'a pa na n yũ namsg ye, tɩ a pa na n tɩ yũ rãam ye, la a pa na ne pag ye. A Gandhi ba-biig a Laxmidas sẽn da yaa sɛb-n-taaga, pẽga a Gandhi sẽn da rat n zãms London wã, la a kõ-a-la a sõngre. A Putlibai kõo a Gandhi sor la a ning-a barka.

Yʋʋmd 1888 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 10 wã, a Gandhi sẽn da tar yʋʋm 18 n yi Porbandar n kẽng Mumbai, sẽn da yaa Bombay wakat kãnga. A raab a yembr sẽn da ket n gomd a sẽn da zãmsd lekollã sẽn da be Rajkot wã sẽn na n wilg tɩ a Gandhi yaa Kathiwar tẽnga pipi sẽn kẽng Angletɛɛr n tɩ ges a Barrister wã. A Mohandas Gandhi sẽn da gũud koom-koglg sẽn wat n kẽng Londr wã, a yãame tɩ a paama Bombay nin-buiidã sũ-puugre. A sẽn wa Bombay wã, a zĩnda Modh Bania tẽnga neb sʋka. B kãsem dãmbã keoogame t'a Ingletɛɛr na n kɩtame t'a sak n bas a tũudmã, la a rɩ n yũ ne Zĩ-rãmbã. Baa a Gandhi sẽn wilg-b a ma wã bũmb ning a sẽn pʋlem-a wã, a Gandhi wã basa a buudã. A Gandhi pa sak n deeg rẽ ye, la yʋʋmd 9 kiuug rasem 4 wã, a yi b Bombay n kẽng Londõ, a ba-biig sẽn da yã-a wã. A Gandhi kẽnga University College, London, sẽn zĩnd be wã, la a kẽnga Anglik sɛb lekollẽ ne a Henry Morley yʋʋmd 1888-1889.