Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander
| Sex or gender | female |
|---|---|
| Country of citizenship | Uruguay, Israel, America |
| Given name | Tamara |
| Date of birth | 1940s |
| Zĩ-ninga o roge | Montevideo |
| Date of death | 15 Zĩ-likr kiuugu 2021 |
| Place of burial | Kiryat Shaul Cemetery |
| Languages spoken, written or signed | Spanish |
| Occupation | mathematician, naturalist, university teacher |
| Field of work | mathematical biology, biostatistics, epidemiology |
| Employer | Harvard University |
| Position held | professor |
| Educated at | Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Doctoral student | Christl Ann Donnelly, Sandro Galea |
| Award received | Fulbright Scholarship |
Tamara Eugenia Awerbuch-Friedlander (Hebrew: תמרה אוורבוך-פרידלנדר) yaa Israyɛl-Amerik neda sẽn dog Uruguai n yaa biomatematik soab la bãagã bãngd sẽn da tʋmd Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) sẽn be Boston, Massachusetts.[1] A sẽn maan vaeesg la a sɛbã fãa lʋɩɩs n get yɛl nins sẽn kɩtd tɩ bãag beẽ wã yelle. B tẽedame me t'a yaa pipi pag sẽn yaa Harvard karen-biis sẽn paam n kẽng bʋʋd taoor ne bʋ-kaoodb sẽn kaoose, sẽn da wa n zab ne Harvard Inivɛrsitetã, sẽn da yaa ned sẽn maand b mens ne taab bũmbu yĩnga.[2][3]
A vɩɩm sɩngrɩ
[tekre | teke sidgem]A Tamara Eugenia Friedlander rogame Urugwaj, n vɩɩmd n tãag a yʋʋm 12 Buenos Aires, Arjantɛn, n yaool n kẽng Israɛll ne a roagdbã, a yaab-rãmbã ne a roagdbã sẽn yi Nazi Alemaynã n zoe n yi wã, hal tɩ Holocaustã sɩngrẽ. A zãmsame la a paam a diplôme a yiib Hebre Hebre Hebre wã zug Zerizalɛm. A zãmsda chemik la a zãmsda biokimi la a paama a BSc yʋʋm 1965.
Yʋʋmd 1967 wã, a paama a Hebre Hebre wã Yuniovɛrsẽ wã, a sẽn paam a pisgrã (MSc) ne a pisgr a yiib-n-soabã. A paama kaset t'a zãmsda b sẽn boond tɩ K-12 wã Israyɛl tẽnga, la a zãmsda lektoor la a maand karengẽ, wa a sẽn maan Etazĩni la zĩis a taab pʋsẽ. A zĩnda Israɛll sodaasã pʋgẽ yʋʋm a yiib me.
Yʋʋmd 1973 kiuugã, a sẽn da wa n be a zo-rãmb nengẽ Amerikẽ wã, b kõ-a-la tʋʋmd MIT sẽn be Cambridge, Massachusetts, n na n zãms bũmb nins sẽn kɩtd tɩ kʋɩlemd tõe n wa ne kʋɩlemdã, sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn pa kaoos la b maan n bãng a sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã. Wakat kãnga, a tʋma laborã pʋgẽ n zãmsd bãaga kʋɩl-kɛgemsã wɛɛngẽ, a zãmsda lekoll a yembr semestre fãa, la a vɩɩmda ne laafɩ, a sẽn da pʋɩta roog ne MIT karen-biis nins sẽn paam b diplôme wã. A sẽn da yaa karen-bi-poakã pʋgẽ, a sɩngame n zãms matematikk yʋʋmd 1974 wã kibsẽ. Yʋʋmd 1975 tʋʋl-yẽngẽ, a kẽnga MIT sẽn yaa karen-bi-bi-poak wakat fãa, la yʋʋmd 1979 a paama a doktorã sẽn yaa Nutriisi la rɩɩb bãngrã wɛɛngẽ.
A lebga Amerika tẽnga ned n zĩnd United States hal tɩ ta a sẽn wa n kẽng Tel Aviv yʋʋmd 2010 wã. A sẽn wa n yaa bi-statistiik karen-biisã karen-bi-soaba, a Marvin Zelen n tʋm-a wã, a paama tʋʋm-no-kãsenga yʋʋmd 1983. A ra yaa Fulbright karen-biiga yʋʋmd 1988.[4] Yʋʋmd 1993 wã, a sɩngame n tʋmd tɩ yaa tẽn-tẽngã laafɩ la neb siglgã taoor lʋɩtb sull sẽn boond tɩ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health wã.
A lekolle bangre
[tekre | teke sidgem]- Undergraduate kaset zãmsgo Hebrew University mbe Israel.
- BSc in Chemistry (minor in biochemistry) – 1965
- MSc in Physiology – 1967
- MEd – Education (certified to teach K–12) – 1967
- PhD, MIT, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Major in Metabolism, 1979
- Thesis: "A diffusion bioassay for the quantitative determination of mutagenicity of chemical carcinogens" (a theoretical study for determining safe threshold concentrations of food additives re: carcinogenesis)
- Postdoc, MIT, in Somatic Cell Genetics 1979-1981
Tʋʋmde
[tekre | teke sidgem]Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 2000 wã, a sigla n maana vaeesg sẽn wilgd tɩ b sẽn wa n wa n wa ne kʋrã wã, b ket n maandẽ la b tarẽ. A vaeesg pʋgẽ, a baooda bãas nins b sẽn dɩkd ne yoobã sẽn yaa wa HIV/AIDS wã, la bãas nins sẽn yaa wa Lyme bãaga, dengue bãaga, la Zika virusã la Zika bãaga. A Awerbuch-Friedlander vaeesa raabã sẽn tar pãng la a tõogd-a wã, sẽn na yɩl n bãng bũmb nins sẽn be siglgã pʋgẽ wã. A tʋʋmda yaa b sẽn get b tʋʋm yelle, la a sɛbã kẽer yaa b sẽn tʋmd ne tẽn-zẽms bãngdb la HSPH la Massachusetts Institute of Technology sɛb sull a taab n gʋlsd.
A bãngrã makr kẽer kɩtame tɩ b bãng tɩ b bãngd bũmb wʋsg sẽn yaa wa kʋdemdã wɛɛngẽ. Wala makre, b bãngame tɩ b bãngda tɩ b sã n wa tar b toore, b tõe n bãngame tɩ bũmb nins sẽn be a pʋgẽ wã yaa wa b sẽn bãngd bũmb nins sẽn yaa toore. A wilga a tʋʋm-kãsems tẽns wʋsg pʋsẽ, la a wilga a tʋʋmã Isaac Newton Institute matematik bãngrã lekollẽ Cambridge, England soolmẽ wã, tɩ b bool-a tɩ a kẽes a toog Epidemiik makrã wɛɛngẽ.[5]
A Awerbuch-Friedlander yaa bãag ning sẽn pa tar bãagã sẽn wat n wa n wa n le paasã sull siglgã taoor soaba.[6][7] A sẽn da wa n be woto wã, a maana tigis a ye Woods Hole, Massachusetts, sẽn gomd bãadã sẽn watã la b sẽn wa n le wa n wa n wa wã zugu.
Yʋʋmd 1990 wã saabẽ, a Awerbuch-Friedlander ra yaa mit-bi-bɩɩga tʋʋm-teed a ye, "Bõe yĩng tɩ bãad-paalgã sẽn wa n wa n wa wã wã paamda nebã tɩ b yɛɛs-b lame, la b maan b sẽn na n tõog n gɩdg-b tɩ b wa paam bãad-kãnga?" (tʋʋm-kãng sẽn deegd ne Robert Wood Johnson Foundation wã). A Awerbuch-Friedlander yaa Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health wã taoor soaba. A ra zãmsda bũmb wʋsg ne karen-biis nins sẽn da zãmsd Biiblã. A ra nonga nebã laafɩ wã zãmsg la a ra maand zãmsg program sẽn tikd modɛlbã sẽn na yɩl n bãng ned sẽn tar manesem sẽn yaa zu-loees ne yoobã sẽn tõe n wa kɩt tɩ a paam HIV wã wɛɛngẽ. Modɛl-kãensã sõnga kom-bɩɩs nins sẽn tar zu-loees tɩ b tõe n wa paam b meng bãagrã, roagdbã, karen-saam-dãmbã, kom-bãmb sẽn get bãagã yelle, la b sẽn maand vaeesg b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã tɩ b bãng b sẽn tõe tɩ b toeem b yoobã manesem to-to n paam b HIV wã.[5]
Sɩdã yaa bũmb fãa
[tekre | teke sidgem]
A Awerbuch-Friedlander leb n yaa a Richard Levins sẽn yaa ninsaalb siglgã siglgã sigand sẽn na n maan yʋʋm 85 soabã waoogrã siglgã taoor soaba.[8] A yaa a Harvard School of Public Health wã sẽn get laafɩ wã yell n paas bãagã sẽn na n yɩ to-to wã. A yaa rasem a tãab tigis a ye sẽn na n zĩnd a Hegeli wã zug n wilg tɩ "Sɩd-sɩdã yaa bũmb fãa" sẽn maan yʋʋmd 2015 wã sʋka. A wilgame tɩ b ra tara yõod wʋsg ne bãngdb nins sẽn get yɛl sẽn yaa toor-toorã la b sẽn get b bãngdbã sẽn get b vɩɩmã yelle. Yʋʋmd 2018 bõn-bɩʋʋng kiuugã sebr ning sẽn boond tɩ Sɩdã yaa bũmb fãa: Sɛb sẽn waoogd a Richard Levins (ISBN 0998889105/978099888910) pʋgẽ, a sẽn yɩ a sẽn da yiisd ne a Maynard Clark la a Dr. Peter Taylor wã, b sõsdame tɩ b sõsd ne karen-bi-taasã sẽn yɩɩd 20 sẽn be Harvard tigis-kãnga.
Sex-discrimination suit against Harvard
[tekre | teke sidgem]Baa ne a Theda Skocpol sẽn da yeel tɩ b pa tar sor n na n yãk a tʋʋmdã yʋʋm 1980 wã,[9] b ra tẽedame tɩ a Awerbuch-Friedlander yaa pipi pag sẽn be Harvard karengã pʋgẽ n na n bool a Harvard karengẽ tɩ b maan-a-la ne pag ne pag ye.[3][10][11] B "kaasa bʋʋdã Middlesex bʋ-kaoodbã nengẽ 1997 soabã, t'a yaool n pa le tõe n maan a sẽn dat ye".[12]
A karen-bi-bi-bɩɩs a Richard Levins ne a Marvin Zelen sẽn sagl-a wã, a Awerbuch-Friedlander baoo "yʋʋm-paalg la nafa sẽn pa ta milyõ a ye, la a paam n paam n kẽng HSPH"[13] la a yeelame tɩ "a Fineberg zãgsame n kẽng n kẽng tʋʋm-kãnga, bala a yaa pag,[14] baa ne a sẽn paam n deeg tɩ b yãk-a n lebg n yãk-a wã". Sɩndã wilga yel-bũndã sẽn yɩ to-to wã yɛl a taab sẽn yɩ to - to ne pag ne pag sẽn pa maand to - to wã wɛɛngẽ.[15] La kiuug a yiib poore, b yiis-a-la Science's SCIENCESCOPE pʋgẽ.[16] A sẽn da wa n kos tɩ b yiis a ye tɩ b kẽes a meng bãagã pʋgẽ wã ra yaa a sẽn da pa rat n deeg a tʋʋmdã ne a karen-biisã ye. Yaa woto yĩng tɩ b ra pa tõe n yãk b tʋʋmdã tʋʋm ye. B yeelame tɩ yaa toog wʋsg tɩ b wilg tɩ b zãgsda ned ne a to wã ne b sẽn yaa ned ne a taabã.[17]
Karem-bɩɩs sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo
[tekre | teke sidgem]- Christl Donnelly la Wendy Leisenring. maana tʋʋm sẽn na yɩl n mak HIV1 la HIV2 kʋdgã sẽn tar kʋɩl-wẽnsã sẽn da tar kʋɩllã ne pʋg-yoodb sẽn be Senegal yʋʋmd 1990-1991 wã. B yiis-a lame: Bãngr-gomdã sẽn yaa: "Bullletin of Mathematical Biology 55:731-743, 1993".
- Sandro Galea - Variability la vulnerability sẽn be zĩig ning sẽn be zĩigã: Neb sẽn wʋmd laafɩ wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ nebã pa mi laafɩ wã võor sõma. Yʋʋmd 2000 wã kibsã. B pukame in American Journal of Public Health, 92:1768-1772, 2002.
A kuum
[tekre | teke sidgem]Dr. Awerbuch-Friedlander yiisa a yõor yaood n kẽng Tel Aviv, Israyɛl, la a ki be yʋʋmd 2021. B mum-a-la Kiryat Shaul yikẽ, Tel Aviv, Israɛllã.
Ges-y me
[tekre | teke sidgem]Sebtiise
[tekre | teke sidgem]- ↑ "Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst". connects.catalyst.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ http://www.aaup.org/issues/women-academic-occupationAAUP
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 https://www.aauw.org/app/uploads/2020/02/TenureDenied.pdf
- ↑ https://libraries.uark.edu/specialcollections/fulbrightdirectories/1988%20-%201989.pdf
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Home | Tamara Awerbuch | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health". www.hsph.harvard.edu (in American English). Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c02/E6-03B-08-04.pdf
- ↑ "Skeptic Tank - Reviews and Complaints on Finance Industry". www.skeptictank.org (in American English). Archived from the original on 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ ""The Truth Is the Whole" – 2.5-day symposium before the 85th birthday of Dr. Richard Levins | Dr. Richard Levins 85th Birthday | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health". www.hsph.harvard.edu (in American English). Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ A QUESTION OF SEX BIAS AT HARVARD (Published 1981) (in English). 1981-10-18.
- ↑ "AWERBUCH-FRIEDLANDER v. P | 449 Mass... | s1105251332 | Leagle.com". Leagle (in English). Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ http://www.aaup.org/issues/women-academic-occupationAAUP
- ↑ "SPH Lecturer Sues University For Gender Bias | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ "Fineberg Testifies in Discrimination Case | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ "Fineberg Testifies in Discrimination Case | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ↑ Lawler, Andrew (2001-02-23). Court to Hear Charges by Harvard Researcher. Vol. 291. pp. 1466–1466. doi:10.1126/science.291.5508.1466a.
- ↑ Appealing Case. Vol. 292. 2001-04-27. pp. 619–619. doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.619b. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ↑ Maxmen, Amy (2018-05-15). Why it’s hard to prove gender discrimination in science (in English). doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05109-w.