Gelede

Gelede

religious and cultural festive day

Country of origin	Bënìn, Nigeria, Tôgô
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00002, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00002, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00002
Uses	Gẹlẹdẹ mask

Gelede mask from the Yoruba people of Nigeria. Held at the Birmingham Museum of Art

Gelede Body Mask

Gelede mask, Afro-Brazilian Museum, São Paulo

Gelede wã maanda "maam-bi-pogs" (awon iya wa), sull sẽn tar pag yaab-rãmba la wẽn-naandb la kʋʋl-pogs nins sẽn be be tẽngã pʋgẽ wã, la pãng la tẽebã pãng sẽn be pagbã pʋgẽ wã.Pa rogem la ma wã bal ye, la yaa sẽn zemsd ne b yel-manesmã sẽn be Yoruba zãma wã pʋgẽ me.

Yoruba nebã sẽn tẽed bũmb ninsã pʋgẽ

Zĩ-kãnga sẽn yaa a Gelede wã sigla a Yoruba gom-bi-kãnga: Eso l'aye (Dũni wã yaa yĩn-kɛglem). Woto rat n yeelame tɩ vɩɩmã yaa toogo, tɩ yaa tɩlae tɩ d gũus n ges a yelle, n wilg tɩ d yaa ned sẽn tar tagsg sõma, n waoogd-a la a zemsd ne a taabã.

Gelede sẽn yi zĩig ningã

Gʋls-kãsems a yiib n be Gelede sẽn sɩngã wɛɛngẽ, yaa pĩnd wẽndẽ la mitoloji. B sẽn gʋlsd pĩnd wẽndẽ wã, b gomda zĩis a tãabo yelle: Old Oyo, Ketu, la Ilobi. Ketu, sẽn yaa Gelede yɩɩr a ye la a sẽn yaa a yembr n tar kɩbay sẽn wilgd tɩ rĩm a ye n ki, la a kamb a yiibã sẽn yaa kamb a yiibã n zabd ne a naamã. Saam-biig a ye sẽn bãng t'a pa na n paam naamã wã, a yãka yam n na n kʋ a kamb a yiibã. A sẽn wa n bãng a sẽn na n maan bũmb ningã, a wa n maan bũmb a to sẽn na n kɩt tɩ b maan maasg n maan ned sẽn na n yɩ a soab n belg-a. B sẽn yet tɩ b yita tẽn-kãens pʋsẽ wã yaa b sẽn da get a Iya Nla, sẽn yaa Ma-kãsengã, la a sẽn get a ma wã la kamb a yiib sẽn yaa kamb a yiib wã. [ B sẽn da wa n maand bũmb ningã ]

Yoruba neb wʋsg sẽn gom b sẽn yi wã b sẽn get b sẽn boond tɩ Odu Ifa wã wilgda b sẽn mi b sẽn mi tɩ b yaa b sẽn mi n bãng b sẽn wat n na n maan to-to wã. B gʋlsa Odu Ifa 256, tɩ b fãa pʋgẽ b gʋlsd yɩɩl sẽn boond tɩ ese Ifa. Fãag sẽn yaa to-to wã yaa ned wall rũms sẽn tar zu-loees la b sẽn segd n maan bũmb ning n welg yellã. A An ese Ifa wilgame tɩ Gelede sɩngame ne a Yemoja, "Yama sẽn yaa bõn-naands fãa la bõn-vɩɩs fãa ma". A sẽn maan kibare wã poore, a maana pʋga. A pipi biig yaa bi-ribl sẽn boond t'a Efe (b sẽn boond t"a wãbdã"; a Efe maasgã wilgda yɩɩl la wẽnem sẽn yaa a yʋʋr soabã zʋgã yĩnga. A Yemoja biig a yiib-n-soabã yaa bi-pugl sẽn boond t'a "Gelede" t'a ra yaa gãnd wala a ma. A Gelede ra nong n yɩɩda wa a ma wã.

A Gelede ne a Efe sẽn kẽ kãadem wã, b pa tõe n dog bi-ribl ye. A Ifa wã sẽn da gomd bũmb ning b sẽn maandã ra wilgame tɩ b segd n maana bũmb a yembr ne b ma wã. A Efe ne a Gelede sẽn wa n maand tʋʋm-kãensã wã, b sẽn wa n wa n yɩɩd ne tɩɩs b zut la b gãneg b nao wã ne ligdã, b sɩngame n dog kamb. Yaa sẽn da yaa to-to wã n kɩt tɩ b lebg n boond tɩ Gelede maskã dansã.

Kibsa kãngã yaa kibar wʋsg sʋka, sẽn wilgd Gelede sẽn yi zĩig ninga. La b yeelame tɩ Gelede sɩngre tõe n yɩɩ ne b sẽn bas b sull ning sẽn yaa b yaab-rãmbã n lebg b yaab-roogã. [ B sẽn da wa n maand bũmb ningã ]

Gelede sullã

Gelede kibsã tara pãng n kɩtd tɩ b zemsd taab taab taab sõma, tɩ yaa rẽ yĩng la pagb la pagb fãa kẽedd taab sʋka. Yaa ne a Iya Nla, sẽn yaa Maam-kãsengã, n kɩt tɩ Gelede sullã neb yaa wʋsg. Yaa rẽ yĩng la b sẽn yet tɩ b yaa ma-rãmb la b yaa b ma wã, la b tẽedame tɩ b sẽn kẽesd b toog nin-buiidã pʋgẽ wã sõngda b pagbã tɩ b paam rogem. Rɩtbã sẽn kẽesd b mens maskã pʋgẽ wã me yaa toor ne taaba, bala b sẽn kẽesd-b b toog maskã pʋgẽ me tõe n kɩtame tɩ b rog n paase. Baa ne rap sẽn pa tar yell kãngã n pakd-b tɩ b pa miẽ tɩ yaa sẽn yaa to-to wã yĩng la b segd n maan woto.

Sẽn na yɩl n tõog n maan bũmb nins fãa sẽn be Gelede kibsã pʋgẽ wã, Gelede sullã yãkda taoor dãmb, sull dãmb la bãngdb sẽn na n get bũmb nins sẽn be a pʋgẽ wã yelle. Baa ne neb nins sẽn be tẽns a taab pʋsẽ wã sẽn yaa toor-toorã, b sẽn boond b rãmb to-to wã yaa:

A Iyalase, sẽn yaa maan-kʋʋd-kãsengã, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "ma wã sẽn yaa wẽnd-doogã"yaa Gelede sull ning sẽn lʋɩt taoorã. A yaa sẽn yaa sõssã taoor soaba sẽn be Iya Nla, tẽngã la Gelde sull sʋka. A Iyalase tʋʋmd sẽn yɩɩd yaa tɩ yɩ ne a sẽn na n kẽ Gelede wẽnd-doogã, Ase.

A Babalase, maan-kʋʋd kãsmã, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "maandã ba" yaa Iyalase sẽn yaa rao wã. A sẽn yaa taoor soaba a tʋʋmda yaa a sẽn getẽ tɩ b maandẽ n maandẽ. A yaa Gelede tigis-kãsemsã tigis-n-taag soaba, la a yaa Gelede zug-rɩtbã la futã bãad-n-taar soaba. A Babalase yaa Iyalase sõngo, la a na n paama a Iya Nla ne a ma-rãmbã sẽn tar pãng n kõ-a noor tɩ b yãk-a.

A Abore, bɩ maan-kʋʋd sẽn yaa rao wã yaa nin-kẽem sẽn yaa kãsem soaba, n sõngd neb nins sẽn baood sõngr tɩ b maan a Zeova raabã. Tẽns kẽer pʋsẽ, b sã n wa paam tɩ b ned wa lebg a Zeova Kaset soaba, b segd n bãnga bũmb wʋsg ne a Zeova tũudmã.

A Elefe, bɩ humoristã, yaa ned ning sẽn zãad a Efe maskã Gelede kibsã yĩnga. A tʋʋmd yaa a pʋʋsg sẽn na yɩl tɩ b siglgã ra paam laafɩ, la a kɩt tɩ b maan tʋʋm sẽn pa kɩɩsd b taabã, la a yɩ nin-buiidã koɛɛg me. Ned sã n pa be a meng nengẽ, a sã n yeel la a maan bũmb sẽn pa zems ne a taabã, a pa segd n maan ye. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa yʋʋm kobs-sʋka bɩ sẽn kʋʋl n na n maan yɩɩrã, yaa tɩlae t'a bãng gom-biis nins sẽn be kom-bɩɩsã pʋgẽ wã sõma.

Arugi, bɩ maskã, rat n yeelame tɩ "gãm-koglg". Rao-kãngã pa segd n yɩ yɩɩl-kãseng bal ye, a segd n bãnga nin-buiidã sẽn gomd kʋdemdã la b sẽn gomd tẽngã kʋ-lɛɛgã sõma, n tõog n wʋm b sẽn gomd to-to wã võore. Yaa pipi kambã bal la b sɩngd n zãms kʋlsgã. B sã n wa tar minimã, b zãmsda kambã tɩ b yeelg b meng maasmã yʋʋmd fãa Gelede kibsã sasa.

A Onilu, wall a Drumbers, a Gelede yell yaa Gelede mizikã minim dãmba. B sẽn boond tɩ Agberin bɩ b sẽn boond tɩ Chorus wã yaa pagb la rap sẽn yeelgd fu-rɩtgo, tɩ b tõe n yeel tɩ b yaa nin-buiidã.

Gãrãnd sẽn yãgd

Baa ne a Gelede waoogr sẽn tõe n yɩ wakat ning fãa yʋʋmdã pʋgẽ (tõnd sẽn na n maan n sõng ned t'a paam vɩɩm sẽn kõn sa, n yɩl tɩ tẽn-kʋdgã ra wa, n kɩt tɩ saag lʋɩ, n paas ninsaal rogem pãnga, n sõng tɩ b tõog n paam pãng sẽn yɩɩd ninsaalb la "ma-rãmba" zabr wakate, la n waoog sẽn ki-bã), yɩɩl-kãseng n be yʋʋmd fãa kibsã sasa. Yaa ne b sẽn get b sẽn maand yɩɩrã la b sẽn maand b sẽn tõe n maan to-to wã la b sẽn get-b to-to. Sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩd yɩɩdã, yaa vẽeneg tɩ b na n paama b tigimsã n kõ-b sõngr tɩ pa ned bɩ zakã rãmb ye.Yʋʋmd fãa Gelede kibsã yaa tẽngã sẽn getã n get-a wã n kɩtd tɩ b yaa kãsenga.

B sã n wa yãk kibsã daar sẽn yaa sõma, tɩ yaa ne bãngre, a Iyalase wã na n wilga a nin-buiidã taoor soab la a nin-kãsems nins sẽn yaa kãsem dãmbã. Rẽ poore, b tʋmda sõss tɩ Gelede sullã neb nins sẽn be tẽngã pʋgẽ wã, bɩ neb nins sẽn tʋmd yɩɩgẽ wã tɩ b lebg n wa b zagsã n tɩ maan kibsã.

Tʋʋmdã sɩngda ne yʋngo fãa yɩɩl sẽn boond tɩ efe, sẽn tar Efẽ rao wã maskã, sẽn tũnugd ne satir n kõt sũ-noog la zãms nebã. Sẽn na yɩl n bãng tɩ yaa laafɩ la siglgã siglgã sẽn get laafɩ wã yell la a Zeova sẽn getã, pa lingd tɩ yɩɩl wʋsg pʋsẽ b leb n get-b-la ne zãmsg yɛl ye.

Dãndã poore, neb wʋsg sẽn be wã sã n wa nongẽ, b gãda b gãag n segl b mens n na n wa yɩɩl wĩndgẽ wã. Sẽn na yɩl n paam zãmsg sẽn sɩng ne kom-bɩɩsã, b segd n bãnga b sẽn na n maan to-to n bãng b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n wʋm b gãagã ne b bobã, la b bãng n bãng b sã n na n maan woto, b na n bãngame tɩ b na n yɩɩla a to wã ne b sã n wa maan to-toa wã.

A Gelede wã kibsã pʋgẽ, b yɩɩla yɩɩl la mizik la b yɩɩl ne gũusgu. B sẽn maand yɩɩlã yaa rao-rãmba, n yeelg maaskoor sẽn tar bõn-naands sẽn tar bõn -naandsã, rat n yeel tɩ rũmsã la nebã, wall b sẽn dɩkd bũmbu, la b sẽn dɩkdã. B sẽn yaa rapã, b leb n maandẽ wa pagbã n na n maan sũ-noog ne b ma wã, n na n noog b sũuri, la b na n kɩtame tɩ b maan bũmb sẽn yaa sõma bɩ sẽn sãamd b mense. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn na n dog kambã, b na n kɩtame tɩ b paam pãng wʋsgo. B tõe n maana b sẽn tõe fãa, b sẽn mi bɩ b sẽn pa mi.

Dɩlla la d sẽn na n dɩk n kõ-yã

B zãada maskã ne fu-rɩt sẽn yaa fut sẽn yaa sõma la b sẽn tar to-to.

"Masg" ning b sẽn boond tɩ Gelede wã yaa gãag n yaa gãag sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd, bala a gãagda a zug n tɩg a sẽn tʋgdã neng ne fut sẽn pakd a nengã. A zugã yaa ninsaal zug n paas tɩ b tʋgd n na n yɩɩl n wilg nebã sẽn nong-b n na n maan bũmb ningã. B sã n da tar b zutã, b sã n da maand woto, b sãnda yaa sõma.

Gelede kibsã pʋgẽ, b tũnugda ne gãndb toor-toore. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa Ori Eniyan bɩ ninsaal zug. Sõng-kãngã pʋgẽ, b pʋga pʋga a tãab. Neb nins sẽn tar zu-loees ne b zutã, neb nins sẽn pakd b zutã bɩ b sẽn pakd bi-bõonegã, la neb nins sẽn zãad bõn-vɩɩs bɩ bũmbã. Maskã yaa bũmb ning b sẽn nong n maand n wilgd nebã tɩ b yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmba.

Rẽ poore, yaa Iya, sẽn yaa Ma-kãsengã zugã. Yaa Igi Efe, wall a Efe wã zugẽ. A Oloju Meji wã, yaa maasg sẽn tar nens a yiibu. Eleru, bɩ taoor sẽn tar gãagã. B sẽn da yeelg-a wã, b gomda yɛl toor-toor yelle, wala b sẽn boond tɩ Ritual Bowl Carrier wã, tʋʋm-kãsemsã, tũudum, foto wã la satirã yelle. A pʋgda Onidofoyi zug-n-goamã, bɩ ninsaalg-n-soab a yiibã sẽn be yẽn-goam n loe ne zĩm-gãongã. Ori ninã wall bõn-buudã zug masg la Ori Eranko, wall rũmsã zug masgã.

Nebã wall zak rãmb maanda b sẽn tõe fãa n kɩt tɩ b zu-loeesã yɩ sõma la b yɩ sũ-noog rãmba. Sẽn yaa to-to wã la b sẽn naag taab n maandã kɩtame tɩ yaa toog tɩ b modgd n maand a Gelede zug-rɩtbã buud-goam n tõog n yɩ to-to.

B sẽn da pakd b zutã, b wʋsg ra tara b neng tɩ b tõe n maan bũmb sẽn yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã yĩnga.

Babatunde Lawal gʋlsa woto: "Bɩbgã zugẽ yaa futu sẽn yaa wa zugẽ wã ne ninsaal yĩngã. Yaa maskã sẽn be maskã pʋgẽ wã ned sẽn mi a mengã ne a mengã sẽn yaa bũmb ning fãa. Baa ne maskã zugẽ wã sẽn yaa yel-solemd ning sẽn wat ne wã, a zug sẽn be zugẽ wã pa tar sũ-noog ye. Wala makre, a sẽn wilgd tɩ vɩɩmã yaa yel-wẽnd la tɩ ned segd n vɩɩ ne gũusgu".

A Gelede wã sẽn maan bũmb ning ne b sẽn boond tɩ "Costumes" wã gomda pagbã ne b sẽn yaa b ma wã yell tẽebo. A Gelede fu-rãmba yaa bi-bees bĩng, bĩngd, bĩndbẽ, bĩns sẽn yaa ne ligdã, b bĩnd sẽn yaa ne sãnem, b b bĩng sẽn yaa ne yĩn-gãong la b b bẽnd sẽn yaa n kõ-b. Wala makre, kambã gãagã makda pag sẽn kõt-a bi-riblã bi-beesã, la a sõngd-b lame tɩ b rɩk fu-rɩtgã. Zĩ-kãnga kibsã kibsã yaa sõma n yɩɩd yʋngo kibsã. Yaa woto bala, yʋng pukrã wakate, b sã n yãend futã, b pa tõe n yã ye.