Kallawaya

Kallawaya rãmbã yaa tẽng zug neb sẽn be Bolivi Andes tãensã.^[1] B vɩɩ La Paz tẽnga pʋga Bautista Saavedra la Muñecas pʋga, la b mii b sẽn yaa bãad-dãmb sẽn maand b sẽn maand sorã n maand sorã.UNESCO sẽn get tɩ b kogend b tẽngã, b wilgame tɩ b sẽn da be tẽng ning n be wã, b ra yaa Tiwanaku la Mollo buud-goamã yags n sɩng n be yʋʋm 1000 la b yaool n pa le be ye. B mii tɩ b maana tʋʋm-kãsems wala b sẽn maan b samdã kibare, la b ra tũnugda ne tɩɩs sẽn yaa tɩɩmã hal yʋʋmd 700 sẽn vẽege.^[2] Sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩd yaa b sẽn sõng tɩ b fãag neb tus la tus ne taab Panama Canalã me pʋgẽ, b sẽn da tũnug ne tɩɩs sẽn yaa toor-toorã n na n sõng ne malaria wã. Kibsa kẽer pʋd n wilgame tɩ Kallawayã yaa pipi sẽn tũnug ne quinine n zab ne malaria. ^[3]Yʋʋmd 2012 wã, b sõor yɩɩ 11 662 Bolivi soolmẽ wã.^[4]

A ye

A Enrique Oblitas Poblete sẽn yaa Bolivieni wã sẽn yaa etnobotaniik bãngd n yeel tɩ, Kallawaya tõe n yaa khalla-wayai ("rɩt-n-taagã sɩngre") bɩ k'alla bɩ k'alli wayai ("prɛɛg-roog pʋga").^[5]La b pa wilgd tɩ yʋ-kãngã yaa Quechua bɩ Aymara gom-biig bal ye, bɩ Puquina gom-biig bɩ Kallawaya neb meng gom-biig ye.^[6]

D sẽn maand tɩɩm

Kallawaya logtoɛɛmb (médicos Kallawaya) yaa b sẽn boond tɩ Inka rĩm-dãmbã na-kẽemdã, la b yaa bãngrã bãngdb. Kallawaya pagb yaa b sẽn yaa b pʋga,^[7] b sẽn maand tɩ b maag b pʋg-sɩdã la b maand tɩ b yaa b kambã, la yaa b sẽn be tẽn-tẽngã neba n zãmsd b tɩ b yɩ b sẽn maand b sẽn tõe n maag b kambã. Kallawaya bãad-dãmb kẽnda Bolivi tʋʋlg-n-soabg-tẽngã, ^[8]la Arjantɛn, Chili, Ekwador, Panama la Perʋ tẽnsẽ. Naoor wʋsgo, b kẽndame n kẽnd Inka nin-buiidã sẽn da maand bũmb ninsã zugu, n kẽnd tãensã pʋga, tãens pʋga la tãens pʋgã pʋgẽ, n baood tɩɩs sẽn yaa nin-tɩrsã.^[9]

B sẽn mi tɩ Kallawaya rãmbã yaa b sẽn get b mens tɩɩm wɛɛngẽ wã, b mii tɩ tɩɩs, rũms la bõn-naandsã yaa b sẽn maand tɩɩm wɛɛngẽ. ^[10]Baa sẽn yaa tɩ Kallawaya bãad-dãmb wʋsg mii b sẽn tõe n tũnug ne tɩɩs 300 sẽn zemsã, la b sẽn zãms tɩ b bãng tɩ b tõe n zãgs tɩbse, b tagsdame tɩ b bãngda tɩɩs buud 900 sẽn be Andã soolmẽ wã.Bãagrã yaa bõn-kãens sẽn be Amazoni, Altiplano la Andes zĩiga sẽn be zĩ-sʋkã sʋka. Bõn-kãens me yaa buud toor-toor sẽn yit tẽng zug la sẽn yit tẽng a taaba, bala vaeesg n wilg tɩ b sẽn da mi tɩ b tɩlg-bã pʋsẽ, b sẽn da tar tɩrb kẽer n be Afrika, Erop bɩ Azi-Dĩngã, b yii b pʋsẽ n tɩ be b sʋka. [ B sẽn da wa n maand bũmb ningã ].^[11]

Kallawaya rãmbã sakda b sẽn na n paam tɩ b sãoog b mensã ne b tẽed tɩ b mens yĩngã pʋgẽ, b tara zood ne sɩɩgã la yĩngã. Sẽn na yɩl tɩ ned yɩ laafɩ, a segd n zemsame ne a sẽn gũbg-a wã.Woto yĩnga, bãag yaa ned ning sẽn pa tar zood ne a taabã n kɩt t'a lebg bãad ye. Sẽn na yɩl n tall zems-n-taar sẽn yaa to-to wã, b maanda b sẽn tõe n sõng-b tɩ b tõog n kʋ bãad-n-taagã la b maag b yĩngẽ. La b sẽn maand woto wã sã n yaa toor ne sẽn be zĩig ning b sẽn maand b bãadbã, b tõe n sakame. Tẽnsẽ wã b sẽn kẽndẽ wã, b minimã yaa tɩɩm sẽn gɩdg bãagã, la b minimã sẽn kɩt tɩ b maand bãagã yaa tɩlɛ tɩ b maandẽ.

Sẽn deng n yi b zagsã n na n maag bãadbã, Kallawayã rãmb yɩɩl n maand kibsã. Dãndã la b sẽn maandã yaa yatiri ("yel-poak soaba"). B sẽn da maandẽ wã, b maana suk-rãmba, la b ra zãada b sẽn maandã n kogend b bãadbã. B ra zãada suk-rãmbã n zãad b mens ne b bãad-rãmbã. B sẽn maand yɩɩlbã sull dãmb yɩɩla Kantu, n yɩɩl b tãmbã la b b tãnd-n-tɩmsã tɩ b tõog n sõs ne sɩɩgã dũni wã, tɩ b yaool n wa tɩ ges bãadbã.

Hal tɩ ta yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 21 soabã sɩngrẽ, b ra pa sak n kõ-b tɩ b maag b bãad-rãmbã ye. Tõogã sẽn da rat tɩ b maan tɩɩmã yaa logtor nins b sẽn da get tɩ b yaa " logtor sẽn yaa nin-tɩrsã" bal n da tõe n maan tɩɩm ye. Yʋʋmd 1984 wã, Bolivi wã siglgã sẽn boond tɩ Sociedad Boliviana de Medicina Tradicional (SOBOMETRA) siglgã siglgã siglg n lugl b sẽn da maand tɩ b tõog n kõ b sẽn datã. B sẽn da yãk-b tɩ b maan bũmb tɩ zems ne b sẽn da rat n maan bũmb ningã yĩnga, b ra ket n gɩdgda Kallawaya wã hal tɩ tãag b sẽn maan bũmb ninsã kɩt tɩ b modg tɩ Bolivia maan-a t'a yɩ rĩung ye. Yaa rẽ n kɩt tɩ UNESCO wilg tɩ b pa mi b sẽn na n tall b mens ne b buud toɛy-toɛyã ye, la b yãk a Evo Morales n yɩ tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2006 wã.

Sõngr buud-gomd

B sẽn gomd buud-gomdã yaa Kallawaya buud-gomd la b boond-a tɩ Machaj juyay. B tũnugda ne-a lame bal tɩ b tũ bãagã la b maand-b-la b sẽn datã.B tagsdame tɩ gom-biigã yaa gom-biis sẽn yaa Quechua wã sẽn yaa bũmb ning sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn yaa bũmb ningã, la gom-bi-zõos sẽn yaa Puquina buud-gomdã sẽn yaa bũmb nins sẽn pa le be rũndã-rũndã wã. La vaeesg sẽn maan bal n yaool n wilg tɩ gom-biis nins sẽn yaa pipi wã yita Ayacuchano la Cuzqueño, Quechua buud-goam nins sẽn be zĩ-gɛtã pʋgẽ.B sẽn tõe n tall gom-biis nins sẽn yaa b sẽn pa mi wã yĩnga, b leb n dɩka Aymara, Uru-Chipaya, Spaans, Kunza, Tacanã, la buud-goam a taab sẽn pa paam vaeesgo.

Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, gom-biis nins sẽn gomd ne nebã yaa Quechua buud-gomdã. B pa zãmsd Kallawaya buud-gomd ning sẽn yaa pipi wã ye; b zãmsda-a lame tɩ yɩ pipi buud-gomdã n na n kɩt tɩ ned wa paam laafɩ. Rẽ n so tɩ b get Machaj juyay tɩ yaa buud-gomd sẽn be yell pʋgẽ tɩ b tõe n sãamd a meng ne a taabã, tɩ b sɩng n kogend-a ne sigls sẽn pa baood ligd wa Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages.

Kallawayas sin Fronteras (KASFRO) sẽn yaa tẽn-kɩtbã

Yʋʋmd 2006 wã, kom-bɩɩs a ye sẽn yaa Kallawayan bãad-dãmb n lugl tigimsã sẽn pa baood ligd n na n paam n deeg b mensã "Kallawayas sin Fronteras" (KASFRO) Bolivi wã Cochabamba bãndã pʋgẽ. B lugla sullã ne b sẽn da rat n kogl Kallawaya nebã sẽn yi tẽn-bɛs-bɛs n kẽng tẽn-kãsems pʋsẽ wã. B wilgame tɩ b tʋʋmã yaa bõn-naands a naasã: b na n talla yam-sõngo la b na n sõngame tɩ b tõog n tũ Kallawayã bãagã; b na n kɩtame tɩ Kallaway wã la Kallawayɩ wã fãa zems taaba, b na n manegame tɩ b bãng Kallawayẽ wã sõma, la b paas b bãngrã toore, la b na ne b sẽn na n sõng tɩ b tall sor n tall Kallawayι bãagã bãagdã bãagã. B maana tʋʋm-kãensã fãa n na n sõng nin-kẽem dãmbã tɩ b tall zood ne kom-bɩɩsã, tɩ b bãng b sẽn mi n bãng bũmb ninsã, la b sɩng b sẽn maand b sẽn na n maag b bãagã.

Sẽn dat n lebg-b KASFRO bãad-n-taas segd n talla minim toor-toor n paam b sẽn na n bãng b sẽn na yɩl n tõog n yɩ bãad-dãmbã. Pipi, nedã segd n doga Charazani bɩ Curva tẽn-tẽnsã pʋgẽ, la a yaa sẽn tʋmd-a Kallawaya tɩɩm sasa. B sã n wilg tɩ b sẽn yet bũmb ningã yaa sɩda, tɩɩm soabã segd n wilga a sẽn na n wilg a Kallawaya buudã, a zakã rãmb sẽn yit a Kallawayã zak rãmb a yoobã sʋka, la b sẽn yaa b rãmb masã wã, tɩ b tõe n wilg tɩ yaa a Zeova n kõ-b sor n kõ-a. Rẽ poore, a ayllu taoor dãmb na n yãka yam n bãngame tɩ yaa ned ning sẽn na n sãoog-a wã n tõe n wa paam n sãoog a ye.

KASFRO me kẽeda nin-buiidã bãngrã koglg pʋgẽ. A sẽn wa n lugl a siglgã, a kẽnga Latin Amerikal tẽnsã sẽn yaa Internet sɛbã sɛbã zĩigẽ, "Red de Información Indígena", n paam n paam n bãng b sẽn yaa tẽn-zẽmsã taoor dãmba. A leb n lagma ne tẽn-tẽngã bãas siglgã rãmb a taabã Bolivia wã fãa pʋgẽ n paam goosneema wã sẽn na n bãng-b tɩ b pa le tõe n kẽes b mens bãas sigr pʋgẽ ye. Baa ne a KASFRO sẽn pa paam sor n na n kẽ lisgã pʋgẽ wã, UNESCO sẽn maan n pa rat tɩ b bãng b sullã ye.

Sẽn paasd tʋʋm-kãensã, KASFRO me n lʋɩɩsa tʋʋm nins sẽn na n kɩt tɩ b tõog n kɩt tɩ buud toor-toor sẽn tʋmd tɩbgã yɩ sõma tẽngã gill zugu. Yʋʋmd 2009 soabã, KASFRO sõnga wʋsg ne siglg ning sẽn boond tɩ Consejo Departamental de Medicina Tradicional (CODEMETRA), sẽn yaa tigis sẽn makd tẽnsã logtor 20 sẽn be Cochabamba wã. B sẽn wa n sig CODEMETRA wã, b sigla sigla a taab sẽn be Bolivi wã fãa n naan tigims sẽn wõnd woto sẽn zĩnd pipi n zĩnd yʋʋmd 2012 wã n boond tɩ National Council for Indigenous Medicine. A yaa taoor soab sẽn get tẽnga la tẽnga taoor dãmb yell la a ket n tigimda yʋʋmd fãa.

Sebtiisi

Sõsg a taab

Abdel-Malek, S, et al. 1995. Drug Leads from the Kallawaya Herbalists of Bolivia. 1. Background, Rationale, Protocol and Anti-HIV Activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 50, no. 3: 157.
Bastien, Joseph William. Healers of the Andes: Kallawaya Herbalists and Their Medicinal Plants. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1987. ISBN 0-87480-278-4
Janni, Kevin D, and Joseph W Bastien. 2004. Special Section on Medicinal Plants – Exotic Botanicals in the Kallawaya Pharmacopoeia. Economic Botany. 58: S274.
Krippner, S., and E. S. Glenney. 1997. The Kallawaya Healers of the Andes. The Humanistic Psychologist : Bulletin of the Division of Humanistic Psychology, Division 32 of the American Psychological Association. 25, no. 2: 2

[1] ttp://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?topic=mp&cp=BO

[2] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20130303033913/http://www.boliviacontact.com/en/sugerencia/carnaval/kallawaya.php

[3] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20230325095701/https://benativejourney.com/kallawaya-medicine-men/#:~:text=It%20is%20known%20that%20the,heal%20using%20only%20plant%20remedies.

[4] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20210801173154/https://inecloud.ine.gob.bo/owncloud/index.php/s/w2ZCFwI7qJrwTwD/download

[5] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=Ac8XAAAAYAAJ

[6] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Folk_Music_Council

[7] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20080306004455/http://sacredheritage.com/andean.html

[8] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58843-565-1

[9] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20161110044027/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/bewitched-in-bolivia/article18275709/

[10] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)

[11] ttps://doi.org/10.1663%2F0013-0001%282004%2958%5BS274%3AEBITKP%5D2.0.CO%3B2

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