Noria

Subclass of	scoop wheel
Part of	irrigation system
Country	Iraq
Country of origin	Iraq
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, National List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Iraq
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01694, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01694, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01694

Noria (Arabic: ناعورة, nā‘ūra, plural نواعير nawāʿīr, from Syriac: ܢܥܘܪܐ, nā‘orā, lit. "growler") yaa ko-pugl sẽn tar pãng koomã wɛɛngẽ, b sẽn tũnugd ne n zẽkd koom n kẽesd koom-koglg pʋgẽ, sẽn na yɩl n kõ koom-koglg wall koom tɩ ta tẽn-bɛd la tẽn-bõonegẽ.

A yʋʋrã la a võor

Gom-noor sẽn yitẽ

No-rɩk gom-bil ning b sẽn boond tɩ noria wã yita araab gom-bil ning sẽn boond tɩ nā Arabic nā‘ūra (ناعورة) pʋgẽ, sẽn yaa araab gom-bil sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "sũ-sãoong" bɩ "sũ-sãoong", sẽn tɩ loe ne koɛɛg ning a sẽn da yiisd a sẽn wa n wẽedẽ wã. ^[1]^[2]

A Noria ne a Saqiyah

B sẽn boond tɩ noria wã, b nong n boond-a lame tɩ bũmb sẽn tõe n kɩt tɩ koom sẽn yit zĩig a to n gilg n wẽnem. Sẽn kẽed ne teed nins b sẽn tʋmd ne rũmsã, b sẽn nong n boond tɩ saqiyah bɩ saqiya. B boonda teed a taab sẽn wõnd woto tɩ "pumps à chaînes". Baasg zãnga, b sẽn boond teed nins sẽn dɩkd koomã n yiisd koomã to-to wã sẽn be Moyen-Orientã, Ẽnd, Ɛspayn la zĩis a taab pʋsẽ wã nong n yaa toor-toore, la b leb n yaa toor-toore, tɩ zems ne tẽnsa fãa. Wala makre, Al-Jazari seb-kãsemd sẽn gomd masĩn dãmb yelle, b boonda masĩn nins sẽn tʋmd ne koomã la masĩn-dãmb a taab sẽn tʋmd ne koomã tɩ sakya. La Ɛspaynã, b boonda bũmb ning b sẽn boond tɩ noria wã tɩ rondo, tɩ yaa rũms la koom n wat ne-a wã.

A Tuuma

Noori wã tʋmda ne koomã sẽn yit zĩ-zãrgẽ n kẽng zĩ-zãrgẽ, n tũnugd ne pãng ning kʋɩlg sẽn tarã. 3] A yaa koom-koglg sẽn yaa kãsenga, la sẽn yaa kʋɩl-kʋɩl n be tẽngre, t'a geerã yaa koom-koglg bɩ zĩ-bõoneg sẽn zẽkd koomã n yit kʋɩlgã pʋgẽ n ta koom-koglg sẽn be a geerã zugẽ wã. A tagsgã wõnda rũndã-rũndã ko-pindmã, sẽn tũnugd ne ko-pindmã pãng n yiisd koomã kʋɩlgã pʋgẽ wã. ^[3]

Sẽn yaa lebend ne ko-pɛm nins sẽn be ko-pɛmẽ wã, ko-pɛmã pa kõt bũmb a to pãng ye. Bãngr-goam kẽer sẽn zĩnd pĩnd wẽndẽ wã pʋgẽ, b ra boond-b lame tɩ noriya, tɩ b ra boond-b lame tɩ ko-pɛmse, tɩ rũmsã ra sõngd-b tɩ b tʋmd ne koomã. Bãngr-gomd a ye n wilgd tɩ noriya ra rɩtda ko-kãsengã koom n kẽesd ko-koomã pʋgẽ.

A Kibare

A noria running in Erlangen in southern Germany, on the river Regnitz

Sẽn deng yʋʋmd 400 sẽn deng Kirist rogmã, b ra tara koom n zẽkd roog sẽn yaa ne koom n zẽka koom. A John Peter Oleson yeelame tɩ b ra na n yãa karẽn-biis sẽn yaa bĩis-n-tɩrsã la karẽn-tɩrs-n-talsã Eziptẽ yʋʋmd 400 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, la b ra wa n naan yãg-a hal yʋʋm kobs a ye poore. [Tõnd sẽn na n togse] Yaa bũmb nins b sẽn yã tɩ b maana b sẽn deeg tɩ b bãngd bũmb nins sẽn be Faiyum wã pʋgẽ wã n wilgd tɩ b yãa bũmb nins sẽn yaa koom rat-n-tɩrgã sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn be saqiyah sẽn dat n ta yʋʋmd 300 sẽn deng Kirist wakatã. B sẽn yã bũmb ning b sẽn gʋls yʋʋmd 2000 sẽn deng a Zeezi rogmã, b goma koom rot sẽn da be a Faiyum wã pʋgẽ, la b sẽn yã bũmb a yembr sẽn be yʋʋmd 2000 sẽn loogã sẽn be Alexandrie wã, b wilgame tɩ b ra tara sakya sẽn da be b pʋ-peelmẽ wã. La a Kallikseynus sẽn be Rodisã gʋls-sõamyã pʋgẽ, b gomda sakya sẽn zĩnd a Ptolemaik soolmẽ wã, a Ptolemais IV Philopator sẽn wa n be yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 3 soabã wakatẽ wã yelle. ^[4]

B sẽn da boond tɩ " undershot water wheel " la " overshot water wheel " wã, yaa rũms la koom sẽn da tʋmd ne, la sẽn da tar gãag sẽn be zĩis a yiibu (latẽ: tympanum) bɩ gãag sẽn be zĩis a yiibu, la b ra tũnugda ne-ba, yʋʋmd kob-gĩnd a 3 soabã la a 2 soabã sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã. Yʋʋmd 1 soabã sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, Rom ned a ye sẽn boond t'a Vitruvius wilgame tɩ noria wã tʋʋmd yaa bõe. ^[5] Yʋʋmd 300 wã sẽnese, Rom nebã ledga raadã ne gãn-bõones sẽn be toore, la b gãneg-b ne seramik n loe ne gilg sẽn tar raag sẽn pa pak-a, tɩ rẽ kɩt tɩ b maan noria wã.

Zĩis-zĩis wakatẽ wã, sẽn da yaa a Moyiizlã nin-buiidã n da rɩkd norya wã n dɩkd a meng n kõ-ba. Wala makre, al-Andalus tẽng a Ibn Bassal (rɩl 1038-1075) n naan maan tɩ b tõog n dɩk b kaamã n kõ b sẽn da tõe n zãad b pãng n kõ b raabã. A ra yaa taoor soaba n tũnug ne b raab-kãnga n kõ b n kõ b noorã la a Saqiyah. ^[6] Yʋʋmd 1206 wã, a Ismaël al-Jazari kɩtame tɩ karankã tũnug ne noore la saqiya, la b maana sẽn na yɩl n paas b sõor sõma.

Muslim engineers zãmsa nori wã n yiis koom koomẽ wã n kẽng tẽn-tẽnsã la tẽn-tẽnsẽ. Wala makre, Hama nori wã ra tara mɛtɛɛr 20 (66 ft) n tar sẽk n ket n be rũndã-rũndã (bãnd sẽn yaa a Zeova Kaset rãmbã bal n tʋmd rũndã-rũndã). A ra tara koom koglg zĩiga 120 la a tõe n zã koom litr 95 ne minit a yembr pʋgẽ.^[7] Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 10 soabã pʋgẽ, a Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi sẽn gʋls sebr ning sẽn boond tɩ Al-Hawi wã wilgame tɩ no-rɩk n be Irãk pʋgẽ, a tõe n zẽka litr 153,000 wakat fãa, wall litr 2550 minit pʋgẽ. Woto yaa wa Noliya sẽn be Azi-Wõndã pʋgẽ wã, sẽn tõe n zẽkd litr 288,000 wakat fãa, bɩ litr 4800 daare.

Yʋʋm kobs 13 soabã saabẽ, a Abu Yaqub Yusuf sẽn yaa Marinid suultanã me me me me maana noria kãseng sẽn yaa kãseng n na n kõ koom n kõ a Mosara zẽedã sẽn be Fez, Morocco. ^[8] A ra sɩngame n me yʋʋm 1286 la a wa n baas yʋʋmd sẽn pʋgdã. A Noria wã yaa Andalusi wã nin-kʋʋd a ye n maan n naan n naan n maan a woto. A tara 26 meters ne a pʋga, la a tara mɛtrii 2 ne a pʋgã. ^[9] A ra yaa tɩɩg n naan n maan n yaool n yaa sãnem, n be kug sẽn be tẽn-kɩtbã noorẽ. B sẽn wa n wa n sãam Marinid rãmbã, b pa sak n get bog-rãmbã la noria wã ye. B wilgame tɩ noria wã ra menemame yʋʋmd 1888 wã, n bas kug-rɩtgã bal n ket n be.

B me me maana norias wʋsg Al-Andalus, sẽn zĩnd Iberiin Peninsula wã pʋgẽ (sa-rɩk-rɩtma 8-15 soabã), la kiris-neb sẽn yaa Sipãn-dãmb me kell n me-b lame. ^[10] Sẽn yaa nin-kãsems n be wã yaa Albolafia sẽn be Cordoba (tʋʋmda sẽn pa yɩ vẽeneg rũndã-rũndã wã), Guadalquivir kʋɩlgã pʋga, la noria sẽn da be Toledo, sẽn be Tagus kʋɩlgã pʋgẽ. ^[11] A al-Idrisi wilgame tɩ Toledo noria wã ra yaa kãseng wʋsgo, la a ra tõe n zẽka koomã sẽn yit kʋɩlgã n kẽng koom-koglg sẽn be a zug n yɩɩd metr 40, n kɩt tɩ koomã paam n kõ tẽngã. ^[12] A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn da pa tar bũmbu, b ra maanda b sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ninsã. B yeelame tɩ Valencia wã rιsã pʋtẽ wã tara norias 8000, tɩ Mallorca wã ra tara saqias 4000 sẽn yaa rũms sẽn get b yelle. A Alcantarilla Noria sẽn be Murcia sɛɛgẽ wã, sẽn yaa noria sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 15 soabã pʋgẽ, sẽn be Sipãn kiris-neb naamã sasa, yaa makr sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd b sẽn mi n ket n vɩ hal tɩ ta rũndã-rũndã. ^[13]

Noria in Tomar, Portugal. Paired ceramic pots along the wheel collect the water.
Close-up of the previous
Noria in Jambi, Indonesia, between 1914 and 1921
In Al-Rastan, Syria in the 1930s
On the Euphrates, at Ajmiyeh, near Rawa, Iraq, in 1911
Noria de Casas del Río, in Requena, Spain, in 2009. Operational.
Azuda de la Montaña, Madrid, Spain
Noria of Alcantarilla in Spain, operational as of 2020
Noria of L'Alcúdia, Ribera Alta

Sebtiise

Sẽn paase

A Donners, K. ; Waelkens, M. ; Deckers, J. (2002). Saglasos soolmẽ wã, b ra tʋmdame ne ko-moondba. Vol. 52. British Institute sẽn be Ankara wã. 1 - 17. doi:10.2307/3643076. JSTOR 3643076. S2CID 163811541.
Oleson, John Peter (1984), Gɛrk la Rom Mechanical Water-Lifting Devices: The History of a Technology, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 90-277-1693-5
Oleson, John Peter (2000), "Water-Lifting", in Wikander, Örjan (ed.), Handbook of Ancient Water Technology, Technology and Change in History, vol. 2, Leyde: Brill, seb-neng a 2. 217 - 302, ISBN 90-04-11123-9 sẽn yaa buud-gomd b sẽn boond tɩ
Wikander, Örjan (2000), "Water-Mill", in Wikander, Örjan (ed.), Handbook of Ancient Water Technology, Technology and Change in History, vol. 2, Leyde: Brill, seb-neng a 2. 371 ⁇ 400, ISBN 90-04-11123-9

Zems-n-taase

Bao-y n bãng-y noria sẽn yaa gom-biis nins sẽn be ãngilindẽ wã.
Spãn norias sẽn be Mursya soolmẽ wã
Hama sẽn be Siri wã nori wã fot-rãmba

[1] ttps://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.enconman.2014.12.047

[2] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=jS7MBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR5

[3] ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-60niJUZjEU

[4] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=D6rsB59RRZkC&q=noria+cordoba&pg=PA55

[5] ttps://www.britannica.com/technology/noria

[6] ttp://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%204.htm

[7] ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-60niJUZjEU

[8] ttps://www.qantara-med.org/public/show_document.php?do_id=285&lang=en

[9] ttps://www.qantara-med.org/public/show_document.php?do_id=285&lang=en

[10] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=jS7MBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR5

[11] ttps://www.qantara-med.org/public/show_document.php?do_id=1261&lang=en

[12] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=D6rsB59RRZkC&q=cordoba&pg=PA55

[13] ttps://www.qantara-med.org/public/show_document.php?do_id=1261&lang=en

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]