Porphyrophora hamelii

Škofja Loka Passion Play

literary work

Country	Slovenia
Form of creative work	play
Genre	drama
Country of origin	Slovenia
Language of work or name	Slovene
Publication date	1721
Intangible cultural heritage status	Register of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Slovenia, Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01203, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01203, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01203
Copyright status	public domain, public domain

Armenian cochineal (Porphyrophora hamelii), b sẽn boond me tɩ Ararat cochineal, yaa bõn-vuud sẽn be Ararat weoogẽ wã la Aras kʋɩlgã babgẽ, Arzãn tãensẽ wã la Turke. B ra tũnugda ne-a pĩnd n na n maan vordan karmir (Arménie: որդան կարմիր, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "vɩm-pĩim") sẽn yaa rã-vẽenem sẽn yaa rã-vẽenem tɩ b ra boond-a Armenẽ wã tɩ kirmiz. Bõn-vɩɩmã bee yell sẽn tar pãng wʋsg Armenistã pʋgẽ.

B sẽn boond-a tɩ Porphyrophora hamelii wã yaa bõn-yɩgdg sẽn be tẽn-zẽmsẽ wã. B sẽn boond-b tɩ ko-moosã, b fãa yaa mogd sẽn yaa miuugu.

Kʋdemdã la a minimdã

Porphyrophora hamelii yaa tẽn-kʋdemd sẽn be Erop la Moyen-Orientẽ wã, sẽn naag ne rũmsã sẽn yaa kermes (sẽn yit Kermes vermilio la buud a taab sẽn be a pʋgẽ), laac (sẽn yit Kerria lacca la buud a taab sẽn be a pʋgẽ), la carmine sẽn yit Porphyrophora buud a taab wala Polish cochineal (Porphyrophora polonica), la plantã sẽn yaa madder (sẽn yit Rubia tinctorum la buud a taab sẽn be a pʋgẽ).[ 3][4][6][9][10][11][12][13] A tõeeme tɩ b ra zoe n tũuda ne ko-sẽn-pẽg-a sẽn yit Armenistã hal yʋʋmd 714 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, wakat ning b sẽn gʋls tɩ Neo-Asiri rĩm a Sargõ II ra rɩka peen-pẽglem sẽn yit Urartu (Armenistã sẽn deng Armenistã) la Kilhu soolmẽ wã wa zab teedã. 3][4][14][15][16] Rom zamaanã logtoɛɛg la tɩɩm bãngd a Dioscorides sẽn gʋls yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 1 soabã pʋgẽ, a wilgame tɩ kokos baphike sẽn yaa kermes tɩɩg la a "bõn-buudã" (kermes bõn-buudã) tɩ pĩnd wẽndẽ gʋlsdb kẽer ra tõe n wa tudg ne Porphyrophora hamelii, ra yita Galasi la Armeni. [ 3][4][17] Yʋʋm kob-gĩndẽ wã sɩngrẽ, Armenistã kʋdemd-mitb a Ghazar Parpetsi la a Movses Khorenatsi gʋlsa sẽn kẽed ne zũnzũy sẽn da maand ne zũnzũy sẽn yit Ararat soolmẽ wã yelle.[ 4][16]

Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm kob-gĩndẽ wã, b ra boond-a lame tɩ vordan karmir, sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ kirmiz Pɛrsẽ wã. B ra boond-a lame me tɩ Near East. [4][5][6][16] Kirmiz pa segd n yɩ wa dyer's kermes, sẽn yit bõn-vuud a to pʋgẽ ye.[ 6] Armãn tẽn-tẽns a Artasat la a Dvin n yɩ pipi zĩig b sẽn da tʋmd ne kirmizã: yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 8 n tãag a 10 wã, araab la pɛrs kʋdemd-mitbã pʋd n boola Artasat tɩ "kirmiz tẽngã". 4[16] Araab dãmba la Pɛrs rãmbã ra getame tɩ kirmiz yaa teed nins sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩdã a ye sẽn yi Armɛnya.[ 6] Armen dãmba meng ra tũnugda ne vordan karmɛɛr n maand b sẽn na n ning b teedã (tõnd sã n na n yeel tɩ b sẽn na n ning-b teedã) la b sẽn na n ning-b sɛb la b sẽn na n maan wẽnd-dotã sɛba. [ 4][16][18][19] Bãngdb n bãng tɩ Porphyrophora hamelii ra bee koptik rʋg-n-bõonesẽ sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 3 n tãag a 10 soabã pʋgẽ. B yãame me tɩ b ra tũnugda ne kasmir rʋg-n-bõoneg sẽn da be kaftã pʋgẽ n yi Sassaniid Pɛrs soolmẽ wã yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 6 bɩ a 7 soabã pʋgẽ. B yãame me tɩ b ra tũnugda ne gãnd-n-bõoneg sẽn yi Frans yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 15 soabã pʋgẽ. B yãame me tɩ b ra tũnugda ne Otomann rʋg-n-bõoneg sẽn yaa velvet la lampas yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a 15 n tãag a 17 soabã pʋgẽ. 6][20][21]

• 
  ordan karmir ceiling art at Noravank Monastery
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  Khachkars (cross-stones) at Geghard Monastery painted with vordan karmir
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  Silk liturgical gloves (left) of Cardinal Pierre de Foix (15th century), dyed crimson with P. hamelii carmine
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  A 2006 Armenian postage stamp depicting P. hamelii

Porphyrophora hamelii yaa buud sẽn tar pag ne rao lagem-n-taar sẽn pa yembr ye. 30 [1] [2] Kẽed-n-piigã sẽn yaa kãn-kãe, b sẽn yiisd karmẽ wã tara yalẽ, la yĩn-wɩngre. A yaa miuugu, la a tara taoor nao-bɛd sẽn na yɩl n maan koodo. Pagbã tõe n yɩɩ nin-bɛd hal n ta Porphyrophora buud sẽn tõe n ta 10 ⁇ 12 mm la 7 mm la bala. 30][32]. B wilgame tɩ ko-moosg sẽn tar gram 360 baoodame tɩ b tall Porphyrophora hamelii 18 000 ⁇ 23 000 la Porphyrophora polonica 100 000 ⁇ 130 000 (bɩ Dactylopius coccus 20 000 ⁇ 25 000). 33[34] Porphyrophora hamelii yaa bõn-yɩgdg sẽn tar pɩgs.

Bioloji

Porphyrophora hamelii cysts around the root of Aeluropus littoralis

Porphyrophora hamelii vɩɩm yaa tẽng tẽngre. 7[30][31] Ninf-nimbã sẽn nan yɩll n yi tẽngã pʋgẽ sig-noyẽ wã la b rʋgd hal tɩ b yã tɩɩs kẽer sẽn tar moog sẽn bɩt tẽng sẽn tar kooma, wala Aeluropus littoralis (Armenian: որդանխոտ (genus Aeluropus),[18][35] sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "moog moogo") la rʋk-nimbã sẽn boond tɩ Phragmites australis.[ 7][30] Nîmsã ket n dɩta yẽg-kãensã sigr kiuugã la sigr kiuugã fãa, n na n maan tɩ b lebg wa pɛrle. Sẽn sɩng ne seb-bɩʋʋng kiuug sʋka n tãag tʋʋl-nif kiuug sʋka, b yikda zĩig pʋgẽ, sẽn sɩng ne yibeoog lɛɛr a 5 n tãag lɛɛr a 10 sẽn na yɩl n kẽ ne taaba. 6][7][35][36] B sẽn ka tar noorã yĩnga, b pa rɩt ye.[ 31] Kẽer vɩɩ rasem a wãn bala, la pagbã tõe n vɩɩ n kaoos n yɩɩd woto, n kẽed tẽngã n na n ning b kʋɩl-zẽedã. 31]

Bõn-vɩɩs la b koglgo

The historic habitat of Porphyrophora hamelii. Vordan Karmir State Reservation is in red and the historic dye-producing cities Artashat and Dvin are in purple.

Zĩig ning b sẽn boond tɩ Ararat wã, bõn-vuudã ra yaa wʋsgo. A Frans so-toak sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã pʋgẽ yeelame tɩ pe-kɩɩmbã sã n wa yũud koom sẽn yit Araks kʋɩlgẽ wã, bõn-vuudã ra wat n yaa wa zɩɩm b sẽn da yũudẽ wã. 4] Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã pʋga, a sẽn da be Arɩmen soolmẽ wã ra yaa 100 km2 ne a sẽn da pʋɩt Arɩmen soolmẽ wã, n paas Turki, Irã, la Risi. La yʋʋmd 1990 wã, a sẽn da be Arɩmen soolmẽ wã ra lebga 20 km2, sẽn yɩɩd fãa Armavir soolmẽ wã. [ 7[30][37] Soviɛt zamaanã sasa, b sẽn wa n na n kɩt tɩ b kʋɩl-koomã sẽn be Armenistã soolmẽ wã lebg kʋɩl-koomã sẽn na yɩl n naan "tẽns nins sẽn tar laog la koodã" la b naan kʋɩl-koomã sẽn na yɩl n yõg zĩm-gãmbrã, "b kɩtame tɩ b gɩdg bõn-yɩgdɩ wã tɩ b pa tõe n zĩnd be ye, la b sãam b vɩɩm". 35]

Vordan Karmir State Reservation, Armenia

Armen tẽnga neb wʋsg bee Vordan Karmir tẽnga gãaga pʋgẽ, sẽn yaa zĩig sẽn tar kʋɩl-koom sẽn ta 198.33 ha sẽn be Arazap tẽn-bilã rɩtgo, la 21.52 ha sẽn be Jrarat tẽn-bilã rɩtgo, sẽn lugl yʋʋmd 1987 Araks kʋɩlga sẽn pẽ ne Turke, n paas zĩig sẽn be Ararat tẽn-bilã rɩtgo la zĩ-kɩrems sẽn ta hekta rãmb a wãn zĩig a to. B pa yãt Porphyrophora hamelii sẽn be Ararat tãng zug zĩig a to ye. 6]

B geta Porphyrophora hamelii wa bõn-vɩɩg sẽn be yell pʋgẽ Armenie pʋgẽ, a sã n pidsd yɛl nins sẽn pʋgdã: a sã n pa ta 10 km2 n be zĩig pʋgẽ, n paas a sã n pa tar zĩig sẽn zems bɩ a sã n pa be zĩig a ye bala, n paas a sã n ket n boogdẽ (b sẽn yã, b sẽn togse, bɩ b sẽn na n tẽ) a zĩiga, a sẽn be zĩig ningã, la a zĩigã, a sẽn ta zĩig ningã, la a sẽn yaa zĩig ning a sẽn na n zĩndẽ wã; la a sã n pa ta 100 km2 la a sã n zems ne yɛl nins d sẽn zoe n togsã. 7][40]

Porphyrophora hamelii wã sẽn be Arzemen wã tara yell n yɩɩd yaa b sẽn na n kẽng taoor ne ko-yũudã, la b manegd koodã, la b sẽn na n kɩt tɩ rũmsã rʋʋg n pa tõe n soog b mens ye. Sẽn paase, tõeeme me tɩ zĩigã toeeme. 7] B sẽn boond tɩ b bɛɛb sẽn yaa nin-sablsã, yaa sẽn boond tɩ molds mites, lady beetles, harvester ants, la erratic ants.[ 1][2]