Potosi

Potosí

Woto yii Wikipedia, ãsiklopedia zaalma

Potosí

city, big city, urban area

Part of	Potosí Department
Official name	Potosí
Native label	Potosí
Country	Bolivia
Capital of	Potosí Department
Located in the administrative territorial entity	Potosí Municipality
Coordinate location	19°35′21″S 65°45′12″W
Member of	Organization of World Heritage Cities
Twinned administrative body	San Luis Potosí, Calama, Cusco
Heritage designation	World Heritage Site
Official website	http://www.potosy.com.bo/
World Heritage criteria	(ii), (iv), (vi)
Local dialing code	02

Potosi, tɩ b boond tɩ Vila ẽperiyal de Potosi tẽn-yãmbg wakato, bee Potosi kadenga natẽnga pʋga, Bolivia zamaanẽ. A naaga tẽms nins sẽn ya wogd n yɩɩd b taaba ãndũni pʋgẽ. A woglema taa mɛtr 4 090. Yʋʋm-koab rãmb sẽn looge, a ra ya ɛspãy tẽn-yãmbg wẽndẽ zĩ koɛɛng yolemde. Tẽn-yãmbg wẽndẽ mɛɛb-minim bãngr paama bĩngri tẽngã tẽn-kʋdemd roogẽ, a naaga Keero Riko de Potosi- tɩ b ya Inɛsko Dũni Faad Zĩiga.

Potosi bee Keero de Potos tẽngre - tɩ b yib n boond tɩ Keero Riko (arzɛk tãnga) - neba wʋsga yetame tɩ tãnga maana ne kud-tãnd koɛɛnga sẽn wind tẽnga. Keero Riko ya ziiri n kõ Keero Riko kʋdemdã tẽegre n na sɩng ne a n da kõt ɛspãy rĩunga koeems wʋsg n yɩɩd neba taaba n na te tãag Ganazuato Mɛksik soolmẽ n na wa wind-a yʋʋm-koabgẽ 18 soaba.

B ra rɩkda koɛɛnga llama la mule tẽrẽ wã n na kẽng Pasifik mog-noorẽ, n tũ rɩtg baobg koom-koglgo n na te ta Panama Tẽngẽ wã, n le tũ mule tẽre wã n pasgd Panama isthmus n na te kẽ Nombre de Dios bɩ Portobelo, a sẽn rag zoe n kẽ ɛspãy ɛspãy laog koom-koglgo. Koeemsa sãnda me tũuda yaanga n te kẽ Buenos Aires, n pasgd Rio de la Plata. Koeemsa sãnda me b ra rɩkd-b lame n kẽng Akapulko, Mɛksik soolem sẽn ya sẽn zĩig ning bb sẽn na tũnug ne Manila Galleõs n da Aazi teedo. Keero de Potos gem-daooga taa mɛtr 4,824 n zʋʋgd mogra tɛka.

Kʋdemde

Jewish postexilic tẽn-bedre

Babylonia ramb fãagre nɩ Persia ramba mɩ sẽn toog fãag Jeruslem tẽnga Babylonia ramba ziigin poore, Persia naaba, Cyrus II basamɩ tɩ Jew ramba Lebg n kuili Judea n tɩ lebg n mẽ wẽnd rooga. Mẽeba baasa 516 BCE bɩɩ 430 BCE. La, Artaxerxes I bɩ na tõog n yi a Darius II bas tɩ Ezra la a Nehemiah lebg n wa mẽ tẽnga lalsa la b wa dɩ Judea tẽngã naam. B da dɩta naama tɩ tẽnga yaa Yehud porvẽese n be Persia ramb soolem. Second Temple wa wakat nin b sẽn boond tɩ Hasmonean sasa la b yalg lalsa n lebga Josephus First Wall wã (pipi lalga). Herod the Great wa n paasa lalg nina Josephus sẽn bool tɩ Second Wall wa n tʋd runda Jaffa Gate nɩ Temple Mount sʋka. Agrippa I (r. 41-44 CE) me wa n nadme n sɩng Third Wall wã meebo, tɩ a baasgo lʋi First Jewish-Roman War wã sɩngr sasa. Lalg kada kẽere ket n bee runda n pẽ ne Mandelbaum Gate yisãns koosga zĩiga.

Tẽmse-n-zemse-taaba

• Cusco, Peru[35]
• China Lhasa, China

Fot-ramba

• 
  Central Potosí street
• 
  Panoramic of Potosí
• 
  Potosí surface mining
• 
  Laguna Verde, Bolivia
• 
  A street in Potosí with Cerro Rico in the background.
• 
  Salar de Chalviri, Potosí
• 
  National Mint of Bolivia (Casa de la Moneda)
• 
  Potosí Mountains
• 
  A figure of El Tio in Potosí mines, 1993
• 
  Church of San Lorenzo de Carangas
• 
  Downtown Potosí, Bolivia
• 
  Potosí Cathedral
• 
  Potosí, Bolivia

Leb-n-ges-y

• Geology of Bolivia
• San Cristóbal mine (Bolivia)
• Pari Urqu
• Potosí mountain range
• Potosi (barque)
• Tinku – A local combat ritual and agricultural fertility rite
• El Tio
• Mapuche silver finery
• Cervecería Potosina - One of few Bolivian breweries
• The Devil's Miner — documentary film (2005) follows a fourteen-year-old boy who along with his twelve-year-old brother work in the mines near Potosí.
• Great Potosi Mint Fraud of 1649
• Corregimiento de Potosí

Sebtɩɩse

1. "Jhonny Llally es el nuevo alcalde de Potosí". www.paginasiete.bo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
2. "World Gazetteer". Archived from the original on 2013-06-14. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
3. Bolivia & Main Cities / Potosí Archived 2008-12-06 at the Wayback Machine from boliviaweb.com. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
4. Not to be mistaken with Cerro Potosí, Mexico
5. Tutino, John (2017). The Mexican Heartland: How Communities Shaped Capitalism, a Nation, and World History, 1500-2000. Princeton University Press.
6. Kritzler, Edward (2008). Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean. Anchor Books. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-7679-1952-4.
7. Schurz, William Lytle. The Manila Galleon, 1939. P 193.
8. Cunningham, C.G., Zartman, R.E., McKee, E.H., Rye, R.O., Naeser, C.W., Sanjines V., O., Ericksen, G.E., Tavera V., F., 1996, The age and thermal history of Cerro rico de Potosi, Bolivia, Mineralium Deposita, 31, 374-385
9. Béatrice Perez, Sonia V. Rose, Jean-Pierre Clément (2007). "Des marchands entre deux mondes: pratiques et représentations en Espagne et en Amérique, XVe-XVIIIe siècles". Presses Paris Sorbonne. p. 40. ISBN 2840505134.
10. Pérez de Holguín, Melchor (1716). "Entrada del Virrey Morcillo en Potosí". Museo de América website. Spain.
11. "Entrada del Virrey Morcillo en Potosí". Google Arts and Culture.
12. Eduardo Baez, Jean-François Lejeune (2005). Cruelty and Utopia: Cities and Landscapes of Latin America. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 77. ISBN 1568984898.
13. Matthew Restall, Kris Lane (2018). Latin America in Colonial Times. Cambridge University Press. p. 287. ISBN 1108416403.
14. Hiram Bingham III (1911). Across South America; an account of a journey from Buenos Aires to Lima by way of Potosí, with notes on Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 128.
15. Flynn, Dennis; Giráldez, Arturo (1995). "Born with a 'Silver Spoon': The Origin of World Trade in 1571". Journal of World History. University of Hawai'i Press.
16. Lockhart, James; Otte, Enrique (1976). Letters and people of the Spanish Indies, sixteenth century. Internet Archive. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20883-3.
17. Ronald D. Crozier, “Silver processing in Spanish America; the patio process and beyond,” CIM Bulletin, July-Aug. 1993, v.86 n.972 p.86-91.
18. Lane, Potosí, pp. 94-96
19. Canseco, María Rostworowski de Díez (1999). History of the Inca realm (Transferred to digital printing 2006. ed.). Cambridge New York Melbourne: Cambridge Univ. Pr. p. 63. ISBN 978-0521637596. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
20. Bakewell, Peter (1984), Bethell, Leslie (ed.), "Mining in colonial Spanish America", The Cambridge History of Latin America: Volume 2: Colonial Latin America, The Cambridge History of Latin America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2, pp. 105–152, doi:10.1017/chol9780521245166.005, ISBN 978-0-521-24516-6
21. Burkholder, Mark A.; Johnson, Lyman L. (2019). Colonial Latin America (Tenth ed.). New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780190642402.
22. Burkholder and Johnson, 155.
23. Bakewell, 130.
24. "BBC - A History of the World - About: Transcripts - Episode 80 - Pieces of eight". Archived from the original on 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
25. Burkholder and Johnson, 125-126.
26. Barragán Romano, R. (2016). Dynamics of Continuity and Change: Shifts in Labour Relations in the Potosí Mines (1680–1812). International Review of Social History, 61(S24), 93-114. doi:10.1017/S0020859016000511
27. Bakewell, 125.
28. Tutino, John (2018). "Silver Capitalism and Indigenous Republics: Rebuilding Communities, 1500-1700". The Mexican Heartland: How Communities Shaped Capitalism, a Nation, and World History, 1500-2000. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-691-17436-5.
29. ook, Noble David (1981). Demographic collapse, Indian Perú, 1520-1620. Cambridge University Press. p. 237. ISBN 0-521-23995-8.
30. Bakewell, 128.
31. J.H. Elliott, "The Silver Rush" https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/11/21/potosi-silver-rush/ Archived 2019-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
32. Lane, Potosí, pp. 100-101
33. "Climate Data and Activities". WeatherWorldOnline. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
34. "Potosi [origin of place name]". Wisconsinhistory.org. 1941-10-10. Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
35. "Ciudades Hermanas de Cusco". aatccusco.com (in Spanish). Asociación de Agencias de Turismo del Cusco. Archived from the original on 2022-03-29. Retrieved 2021-12-20.

Taoore kaorengo

• Angola Maconde, Juan. "Raíces de un pueblo: cultura afroboliviana." La Paz: Producciones CIMA, 1999.
• Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela, Bartolomé. Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí. Edición de Lewis Hanke y Gunnar Mendoza. Providence, R.I.: Brown University Press, 1965.
• Bakewell, Peter. "Miners of the Red Mountain: Indian Labor in Potosi, 1545-1650". University of New Mexico Press 2010.
• Bakewell, Peter. "Silver and Entrepreneurship in Seventeenth-Century Potosí: The Life and Times of Antonio López de Quiroga". Southern Methodist University Press 1995.
• Cobb, Gwendolin Ballantine. "Potosí, a South American Mining Frontier." Greater America: Essays in Honor of Herbert Eugene Bolton. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1968, © 1945, pp. 39–58. 1999. ISBN 978-1580930284
• Gil Montero, Raquel. "Ciudades efimeras. El ciclo minero de la plata en Lipez (Bolivia), siglos XVI - XIX". Instituto Frances de Estudios Andinos - IFEA- Plural Editores, 2014.
• Hanke, Lewis (writer) and Jean-Claude Wicky (photographer). The Imperial City of Potosí. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1956.
• Lane, Kris. Potosí: The Silver City That Changed the World. Berkeley: University of California Press 2019. ISBN 978-0520280847 online review
• Ross, John F. Mountains of Pain Smithsonian Magazine, November 2000.
• Tandeter, Enrique. "Coaccion y mercado. La mineria de plata en el Potosí colonial, 1692-1826". Siglo XXI Editores 2001.