Ramlila
Country | India |
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Coordinate location | 28°38′31″N 77°13′51″E |
Intangible cultural heritage status | National List for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity |
Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ramlila-the-traditional-performance-of-the-ramayana-00110, https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00110, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00110, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00110 |
Ramlila (Sanskrit: रामलीला, Romanized: Rāmalīlā; gom-bil sẽn yaa 'Rama lila bɩ yɩɩl') yaa nin-buiidã sẽn naan maan a Rama vɩɩmã sẽn zems ne pĩnd wẽndẽ Hindã zab-gʋlsdã Ramayana wã bɩ b sẽn gʋlsd b sẽn get-a to-to wã. Wala makre, Ramcharitmanasã.[1] Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b gomda b sẽn maand yɩɩl wʋsg ne Hindã wẽneg a Rama sẽn yaa yʋʋm tus a yiibu wã yelle. B sẽn wa n zabd ne wẽnga, b maanda a Ramlila kibsã n maand a Vijayadashami (Dussehra) yʋngo, tɩ b yõogd wẽnga bõn-naandsã sẽn yaa kãsenga, wala rakshasa (demõ) Ravana wã.[2] mos_Latnmos_Latnmos_Latn be be be A Rama yaa Hindus wẽnegd a Vishnu a yopoe soabã, la a Ramayana wã sẽn yaa Sanskritã kʋdemdã sẽn naag ne yel-bũnd sẽn yaa sõma wã. B gʋlsa seb-kãngã yʋʋmd 1000 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, la Ramlila yaa kibarã sẽn da pak-b to-to wã. B sẽn gʋlsd a Ramcharitmanas wã yaa kar a 16 soabã tʋʋm-no-kẽndr sẽn be Ramayana wã zugu. A Ramcharitmana wã yaa gom-bi-no-goam sẽn be tẽng zug buud-gomdã pʋgẽ (Hindĩ wã pʋgẽ, a Abadhi wã yaa gomd a yembr).[3][4][5] [6]Vɛrse-kãensã yaa sõsg sẽn be Biiblã pʋgẽ. B sẽn maand b sẽn tõe n maan n wilg b sẽn tõe tɩ b tõe n maan bũmb ninsã yaa Ramlila kom-dibli wã (Samitis) n maandẽ. La tẽn-tẽngã neb n sõngd-b zãng-zãnga.[7] Sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd yaa sẽn na n maan yɩɩlã. Yaa Hindã buud-goamã sẽn tar bõn-naands wʋsg la wẽn-naandb wʋsg n maand woto. La yaa a Rama, a Durga (b sẽn boond tɩ Durga Puja) la a Krishna (b sẽn bool tɩ Rasalila) la b sẽn maand yʋʋmd fãa wã n kɩtd tɩ b nong n maandẽ.[8] mos_Latnmos_Latnmos_Latn be be be Yʋʋmd 2008 wã, UNESCO wilgame tɩ Ramlila kibsã yaa "Bandã sẽn pa tar yõod ne ninsaalbã" sʋka. Ramlila yaa kãseng wʋsg ne Hindã tẽn-kãense sẽn yaa yõod wʋsg siglgã pʋgẽ: Ayooodya, Varanasi, Vrindavan, Almora, Satna la Madhubani. A Ramlila sẽn yaa a Ramayana wã n be Indonezi wã, la sẽn yɩɩd fãa a Hindã rãmbã sẽn be Bali, Myanmar, Kambodja la Thailandã. Yʋʋm kobs 19 soabã la 20 soabã pʋgẽ, Indi nebã sẽn da be tẽn-zẽmsẽ wã sẽn wa n kẽ Erop soolmẽ wã, b ra maanda tʋʋm-tʋmda. A leb n beẽ me Etazĩni, Kanada, Etazĩni la Ostrali la Nouvelle Zélande.
A We-Rums Kibare
[tekre | teke sidgem]Ramlila yaa Sanskrit gom-biis sẽn yaa "Rama" (Vishnu avatar) la "Lila" (dũniyã, game, sport). A James Lochtefeld yeelame tɩ gom-biigã yaa "Rama yell b sẽn maand yɩɩr ne-a wã", tɩ yaa sũ-noog la "tẽeb sẽn yaa kãseng wʋsg tũudum tʋʋmde" sẽn tar yõod ne nin-kɛglemdã la nin-kẽemdã fãa.[9]
Ram Lila võor wʋmb yaa "Rama wã yɩɩr" tɩ b wʋmd gom-biig ning sẽn yaa "dãmbã" võor sõma n yɩɩd tũudum yɛl pʋgẽ. Sã n yaa ne a Vaishnava tagsg, yaa tɩlae tɩ Wẽnnaam sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩd fãa (Vishnu) ra naan naan naan naan maan dũniyã, a yaa wa avatar n wa maand a meng ne a sẽn tõe n maan bũmb ning sẽn yaa "a sẽn na n maan to-to, a sẽn na n yɩ sũ-noog soaba, a sẽn pa tar a toor ye". [11]
Neb nins sẽn maandã sẽn zãmsd taab n maand Ramlila wã b boond-b lame tɩ Mandalis.[12]
Kudemde
[tekre | teke sidgem]Sɩngr-n-taarã yaa pĩnd wẽndẽ Indi nebã sẽn da maandẽ. Sãnskrɛt-hindu sebr ning sẽn boond tɩ Natya Shastra wã wilgda sɩngr-no-taarã yõod.[13]
Bɩ Nātya (solemdã la reemã) yɩ a nu-n-soabã.
Ne kibar sẽn tar pãng wʋsgo,
n baood sõmblem, arzɛk, sũ-noogo, la tẽeb lohorem,
A segd n tara sebr fãa võore,
la b kẽngd taoor ne b minim fãa.
- Nātyaśāstra 1.14 -15[14][15]
Ramlila yaa bũmb a taab sẽn be Hinduism[16] pʋgẽ sẽn gomd tʋʋm-no-kãsems nins sẽn wilgd tɩ b maandẽ. Ramaanã epopã yaa yʋʋmd 2000 sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, la yaa Indi sɛbã buud-goam a ye sẽn yaa pĩnd n tar a Itihasa wã. La pa vẽenega wakat ning a Ramlila sẽn maan pipi yɩɩrã ye. Sẽn deng yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 16 soabã, a Tulsiidã ra pa yãt a Ramcharitmanasã pipi n yiis ye, la b sẽn yet tɩ yaa a karen-biig a Megha Bhagat n sɩng Ramcharitmanaas-dãmb Ramlila yʋʋmd 1625 wã. A Norvin Hein sẽn yaa Wẽnnaam la tũudum zãmsg karen-saamb sẽn yaa Indolog bãngd yeelame tɩ Ramlila ra yaa sõma n tãag yʋʋmd 1625[17] soabã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa yʋʋmd 1200 n tãag yʋʋm 1500 soabã sẽn be Indi tʋʋr-tẽngã, la tɩ yaa a Valmiki Ramayana wã n kɩt tɩ b gʋls-a. A Richard Schechner yeelame tɩ b sẽn boond tɩ Ramlila wã yaa bũmb sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd pĩnda. A yeelame tɩ yaa kareng sẽn tar kareng la kareng sẽn yaa to-to wã la kareng ning sẽn tar karenga.
Ramlila yaa a ye n be nin-buiid wʋsg sẽn maand kibs sẽn kẽed ne tʋʋm-noy nins sẽn kẽed ne nin-buiid nins sẽn yaa Hindo rãmbã sʋka.[18] Ramayana epikã yaa yʋʋm tusr a 1 soabã sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã, la a yaa Itihasa buud ning sẽn yaa kʋdemdã sẽn be Ẽnd sɛbã pʋsẽ wã a ye. La b pa mi wakat ning b sẽn deng n wilg a Ramlila wã ye. A Tulsidas sẽn yɩ pipi soab n wilg a Ramcharitmanas wã yʋʋm kob-gĩnd piig la a yoob soabã pʋgẽ wã pa be seb-vãoog ye, la sã n yaa ne kibayã, a karen-bi-taag a Megha Bhagat n sɩng Ramlila sẽn tik a Ramcharitmanas zug yʋʋmd 1625.[19] Sã n yaa ne a Norvin Hein, sẽn yaa Wẽnnaam la tũudmã karẽng karen-saamb sẽn zãms Indologii wã, a Ramlila ra yaa wʋsg sẽn deng yʋʋmd 1625, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Ẽnd soolmã rɩtg babgẽ, yʋʋmd 1200 la 1500 wã sʋka, la a ra tika Valmiki a Ramayana wã zugu.[20][21] A Richard Schechner yeelame tɩ Ramlila sẽn be rũndã-rũndã wã yẽg yaa sõma n yɩɩd bala, a tũuda ne kʋdemd kʋdemd Sanskrit goamã la rũndã-rũndã reemã tʋʋm-teedo.[22]
Sã n yaa ne a John Brockington, sẽn yaa Sanskrit karen-saamb ning sẽn geta Ẽnd epes rãmbã yelle, Ramlila tõe n yaa Ɛnd tẽnga kʋdemd kʋdemde, bala bãngdb wʋsg sakame tɩ gʋls-noodã sẽn gʋls n yaool n wa be Ẽnd tẽnsã pʋsẽ, la kʋdemd sɛbã sẽn da yaa kʋdemd kʋdemd kʋdemdã.[23] Woto, pa a Ramalila bal ye, la yaa vẽeneg tɩ yaa pĩnd wẽndẽ ãngilind rãmbã fãa sẽn da gʋlsã la karen-biis nins sẽn da karemd ãngilindã yɩɩl-dãmb la b karen-biis sẽn da karemd ãngilindã n taasd b taabã. Sẽn paase, a Brockington yeelame tɩ hind rãmbã sɛb wʋsg sẽn yaa sõma wã yaa wʋsgo. Wala makre, Ramayana sẽn tar verse rãmb 20,000 la Mahabharata sẽn tar verse rãmb 100,000, tɩ b pa tõe n kell n tall-b yʋʋm tus a yiib pʋgẽ tɩ b pa gʋls-b la b pa togs-b la b pa maan-b wa b sẽn da maandã ye. Woto yĩnga, yaa bũmb sẽn pa tõe n yɩ tɩ Ramlila rog-n-migsã wa ne rũndã-rũndã.[24]
A Brockington paasame tɩ Indolog rãmb kẽer sẽn zĩnd koloni wã wakat wilgame tɩ Ramayana yaa seb-bil sẽn yaa rũndã-rũndã sebre, la b basa tags-kãngã, bala b wilgame tɩ Hindu Ramayana wã beeme, la tɩ b wilgame t'a bee Zaynism sɛbã pʋsẽ, Ramayana wã sẽn be tãens roog wẽnd-doogẽ wã wala Ellora tãens roogã pʋgẽ, la tẽn-sʋk Azi wẽnd-doogã gʋlsg la a rog-n-migsã pʋgẽ yʋʋmd 1000 soabã pʋgẽ.[25][26][27]
Sã n yaa ne a Norvin Hein, a Ramlila sẽn be rũndã-rũndã wã sɩnga yʋʋmd 1500 soabã pʋgẽ, a Tulsidas sẽn gʋls Manas sebrã poore. Baasg zãnga, a Hein yeelame tɩ yɩɩll-n-tũudlem sẽn yaa wa Ramayana wã yɩɩl n wa Mathura soolmẽ wã hal sẽn deng rẽ wʋsgo, tõe tɩ yaa sẽn zems yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a yiib-n-soab sẽn deng a Zezi rogmã. A wilgame tɩ rẽ yaa kaset sẽn yit Kathakali, Yaksagana, Kathak la Ẽnd klasã we-bɛd a taab pʋsẽ, sẽn naag ne a Ramlila.[28]
James Prinsep gʋlsa a sẽn yã bũmb ning Varanasi Ramlila kibsã pʋgẽ yʋʋmd 1825 wã. A Niehus gʋlsa sebr a to sẽn yit Ghazipur, yʋʋmd 1905.[29] A Norvin Hein bilga Ramlila sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm 1949 la 1950, sẽn yaa tẽng-n-biis la politik rãmb sẽn da be Indi wã, a sẽn wa n na n welg tẽn-kɩremsã tɩ b lebg Indi la Pakistã poore. A Hein wilga a sẽn yã bũmb ningã a sẽn wa n be Ramilila Mathura wã.[30]
A Bilgre
[tekre | teke sidgem]A Ramlila yaa Hindu wẽnde a Rama rogem kibar sẽn sɩng ne a rogmã. Sebrã gomda a yãadmẽ wã yelle, n paas neb a taab sẽn yaa nin-kãsems a pʋgẽ, wala a Sita, a Lakshmana, a Ravana la neb a taab yelle. A tara babs sẽn gomd Sita ne a Rama kãadmã yelle, a Rama sẽn yi yembd tɩ Dharma baood t'a bas a naam geerã, a Sita ne a Lakshmana sẽn naag-a yembd pʋgẽ wã, b so-toakã sẽn kẽed ne Ẽnd la b sẽn segd Hindoismã Rishis nins b sẽn waoogdã, Sita sẽn tall zĩn a Ravana, a Rama ne a Lakshmana sũ-sãoongã, b sẽn pa tar saagr to-to wã, b sẽn maan to-to n naan sodaag ne bõn-vɩɩs a taab weoogẽ wã wala bõnsã, b sẽn kẽng Lanka n na n tɩ zab ne a Ravana, nin-sõama ne nin-wẽngã zabrã, a Ravana sãoongã, a Rama sẽn lebg n wa Ayodhya la a sẽn lebg rĩmã, la vɩɩmã sẽn pʋgl rẽ.[31][32][33]
A Ramlila kibsã wilgda yel-kãngã. B maanda tigr kãnga tẽn-bõoneg wʋsgo, tẽn-bõoneg la tẽn-bõoneg wʋsg pʋgẽ, Navaratri kibsã wakat sẽn wat ne sigr kiuug bɩ tʋʋlg kiuugã. Tẽebã yaa reem sẽn kẽed ne tẽebo, la reem sẽn kẽed ne rog-n-migs wɛɛngẽ, sẽn na n kɩt tɩ nin-buiidã lagem taaba, UNESCO yetame, "n pa welgd sullã, tũudmã bɩ yʋʋmã ye".[34] Yaa nin-buiid wala tẽnga neb n kẽesd b toog ne b toorẽ, n tʋmd wala b sẽn tõe n maan bɩ n sõngd n segend la b manegd zĩigã, n maand futã, la b get Ramlila wã yell sõma.[35]
B sẽn da maand-a wakat fãa ne yʋngo, b ra maand-a-la zĩig sẽn pa zãre, la yaa neb sẽn da yit zĩis toor-toore n da maand-a.[36][37] Yɩɩn-yendbã la yɩɩn-yendbã, rapã la pagbã, nin-kẽembã la kom-bɩɩsã yɩɩla zĩis toor-toore, n yɩɩl vɛrse-rãmbã ne mizikã, la b karemd sõssã. B sã n na n wilg ned sẽn na n wilg-a bũmb ning a sẽn na n yeelã, b nong n tikda a Ramacharitamanasã zugu. B sẽn gomd bũmb ning yell to-to wã yaa b sẽn pa wʋmd a võor sõma, la naoor wʋsgo, yaa kɛlgdbã sẽn yet bũmb ningã n wilgd b sẽn tagsd to-to. Dhol tãb-biis la yɩɩn-yɩɩndb a taab me naaga be. Naoor wʋsgo, nebã nong n maanda kibs-kãngã ne sũ-noogo, tɩ kɛlgdbã sẽn kelgd n wiisdẽ la b gomd yɛl nins b sẽn wʋmdã, b ket n kelgdame. Rɩk-y n ges-y-yã: B sẽn na n maan tigis-kãnga wã, yaa tɩlɛ tɩ y ges b sẽn na n maan tigis-kãnga to-to.
Zĩis nins sẽn gũbg-a wã lebga soay wakat bilf yĩnga, sẽn na yɩl n ges kɛlgdbã yelle. Yaa sull (samiti) n lʋɩt taoor tɩ b segend tigsgã.[38] Tẽns wʋsg pʋsẽ, yaa yʋʋm kobs la b sɩng n maand Ramlila, la neb kobs n kẽnd be yʋng fãa n wat n na n kẽng reema wã, n kẽnd n yɩɩd kɩlometr dãmb wʋsgo, wa b sẽn da maand wẽnd-do-kãsems pĩnd wẽndẽ wã. B pa yaood nin-sablsã, wall b yaood-b-la bilf b modgrã yĩnga, la yaa tẽn-bilã neb bɩ sullã n kõt-b rɩɩb la gãag zaalem. B sẽn nong n maandã ligd yaa sẽn tũ ne b sẽn tigsd ligd n kõt b nin-buiidã, la yaa Ramlila Komite rãmb sẽn sigl b mensã n nong n maand rẽ.[39][40][41] A Pandit Radheshym Kathavachak sẽn gʋls yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã sɩngrẽ wã yɩɩla Radheshyam Ramayan yaa bũmb b sẽn nong n tũnugd ne Ramlila teyatr pʋgẽ, a sẽn gom politikã yell wakat kãnga wã yĩnga, sẽn paas a sẽn tũnug ne goam sẽn yaa nana la b makrã. Sõssã sẽn be yɩɩlã pʋgẽ wã zemsa ne a Ramlila sẽn da maandã "bõn-kãsems la a sẽn da maand to-to wã".
A Ramlila pa reem bal b sẽn maand reema zĩigẽ ye, la b sẽn maan-a to-to wã yaa sẽn na yɩl n keng kɛlgdbã raoodo, la b kɩt tɩ b kẽes b toog reema pʋgẽ. Sẽn kẽed ne filim-dãmb nins sẽn yaa kãsemsã, kɛlgdbã kẽndda ne filim-dãmb nins sẽn be zĩig a yembr n kẽng zĩig a to pʋgẽ wã, b yɩɩla yɩɩl bɩ b naag taab n togs yɩɩl-bɛdã, b kẽesda b mens reemã pʋgẽ wala nin-bõoneg bɩ nin-kãsemse, tɩ neb sull sẽn yaa reem-dãmb n tʋmd tʋʋm-kãsemsã. Neb nins sẽn be be wã sũur nooma b sã n yã tɩ nin-sõama tõogame, la b sũy sãamda b sã n yã tɩ wẽng n maan wa zĩn a Ravana sẽn yõg a Sita n kẽes bãens roogẽ. B kẽesda b toog n yõogd b nin-vɩɩsã, la b reegda nin-buiidã sõma a Rama sẽn lebg n wat Ayodhya wã sasa. Yaa bãngr-goam sẽn kẽed ne tũudum wɛɛngẽ.[42][43]
A Kadeng n wilg taab bilgre
[tekre | teke sidgem]Rũndã-rũndã, tẽns wʋsg n dog b Ramlila wã, la Uttar Pradesh meng tara no-rãmb wʋsg sẽn wilgd b sẽn maand to-to. Yaa Ramnagar la b sẽn maand rasem 31 n maand to-toa wã.[44][45]
La b sẽn maand woto wã, b getame tɩ b na n maana yɩɩr ne b sẽn maandã.[46] Yʋʋmd 2008 UNESCO sɛb pʋgẽ, b wilgame tɩ b sẽn maand Ramlila wã yaa b sẽn maand a Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn maand a Zezi tũudmã pʋgẽ wã.[47]
Sẽn le paasde, opera wã sẽn yaa to-to wã pʋgẽ, b rɩka teyatr buud toor-toore, tɩ b yaool n ket n tʋmd ne teyatr buud toor-toore. A Ramacharitmanas yɩɩl-yendã sẽn yaa to-to wã pa gom-yend bal ye, yaa yɩɩl-yend me. Sẽn na n baase, yɩɩl-yend a to n boond tɩ "mandalis" n maand Ramlila.[48] Ramliyas wʋsg sẽn be tẽn-bõonegẽ wã tara gom-biis sẽn gʋls ne khadi boli bɩ tẽn-bõoneg goam, la b sẽn maandã ket n yaa melodramatiki wala wakat fãa sẽn na yɩl n tõog n tall pãn-tusdg sẽn yaa kãsenga kɛlgdb sẽn mi kɩbarã ne b sũy fãa wã sʋka, la sẽn nan ket n get b sẽn maand-a wã ne tũudmã nonglem la a sẽn yaa bõn-kãsemsã yĩnga. Woto kɩtame t'a Ramlila lebg bũmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsg tũudmã la nebã vɩɩm pʋgẽ, pa tẽn-bõoneg la tẽn-bõoneg bal ye, la tẽns wʋsg pʋsẽ me. Yaa wa b sẽn maand Ẽnd nebã reemã to-to wã, wala Bẽngallã Jatra wã, b nong n kẽesa gom-zutã b sẽn gʋlsã pʋgẽ sẽn na yɩl tɩ b zems ne yɛlã, la wakat ninga, b tũnugda ne sũ-sãang n na n gom yɛl nins sẽn maand rũndã-rũndã wã zug bɩ n wilg b sẽn tagsd to-to.
Ramnagar n be Ramila
[tekre | teke sidgem]B sẽn sɩng a Ramlila wã n maand a Ramnagar, Varanasi, sẽn be Ganga kʋɩlgã rʋʋnde, sẽn be Hindã wã sẽn maand so-pakrã Varanasi wã, yʋʋmd 1830 wã, yaa Maharãja Udit Narayan Singh, Kashi Naresh sẽn sõng Pandit Laxmi Narayan Pandey zakã rãmb (Ramnagar Ramlila wã sẽn be rũndã-rũndã wã) sõngrã. A ra tara nebã wʋsg a sẽn wa n yaa a pʋ-taag a Maharaj Ishwari Prasad Narayan Singh naamã sasa, la a ra paamda a Benares Royale House wã rĩm-dãmb sẽn da wa n wa n wa wa n na n naan naan naan naan maan-kɛglem tʋʋm wʋsgo, tɩ nebã sẽn wa n wa be wã sɩng ne tus a wãn n ta neb a 100,000 n yaool n wa be.[49]
Ramlila sẽn maan tɩ b yõog Ravana bõn-naandsã, Ramnagar Fort, 1834 wã. Ramlila yaa yɩɩl sẽn gomd a Rama kibarã yelle, wa b sẽn togs a Ramcharitmanas pʋgẽ, Tulsidas sẽn gʋls a Ramayana wã pʋgẽ. Yaa a Maaraja n na n wilg b sẽn maandã, la b na n maana-b-la a Ramnagarẽ wĩnto-sʋk fãa rasem 31 yĩnga. B maanda rasem 31 Ramnagar Ramlila wã, tɩ b karemd a Ramacharitmanasã fãa, tɩ pa rasem 10 sẽn yaa wakat sẽn yaa to-to wã ye. A yaa tẽn-kãng sẽn yaa tẽn-kãseng sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd tẽn-kãens fãa. Ramnagarã pʋgẽ, tẽnga luglg n meega zĩis wʋsgo, tɩ b fãa boond b yʋʋre tɩ b rɩk b sẽn maan bũmb wʋsg a Ramayana wã pʋga. B sẽn da yaa wakat fãa la b sẽn yaa wakat bilfã me yaa b sẽn maandẽ, tɩ b tõe n wilg zĩ-kãens wa a Ashoka Vatika, Janakpuri, Panchavati, Lanka wã, la b sẽn maand to-to wã. Rẽ n so tɩ tẽngã fãa lebg zĩig sẽn yaa kãsenga, la nebã fãa sẽn maand yɩɩlã, b kẽnd n kẽng zĩig ning sẽn pʋgdã. Sẽn wa n ket n yaa yɩɩl-kãnga, yɩɩl-bãmba la nin-buiidã kẽndame n kẽng zĩis a taab n naag yɩɩl-gãongã, n kõt nebã tagsg tɩ b bee yɩɩl-kãng pʋgẽ.[50][51]
Ravana seglma sẽn sɩng ne b sẽn maand to-to wã, rasem a wãn sẽn deng a sɩngrã, a Ramlila filimã pʋgẽ, a Maharaja wã sɩngda a raabã, tɩ b yãkd a Svarupas sẽn yaa Wẽnnaam sẽn kɩt tɩ b lebg Wẽnnaam, sẽn yaa Ramayana wã nin-buiidã. Rɩk-rãmbã sẽn yaa sõma wã yaa zak rãmb n pʋɩt-b-la. Wala makre, yaa zak a yembr n zĩnd n zĩnd n na n maan a Ravana wã n tãag yʋʋmd 1835 n tãag 1990 wã. La zak a Vyasa wã n yãkd a Hanuman, a Jatayu la a Janaka wã.
[52] Desehra wã kibsã sã n wa sɩng ne rig-goam sẽn tar sãnemã, Kashi Naresh rɩtda wũudu n lʋɩ taoor. Rẽ poore, a sẽn yãgd ne silk la brocade wã, a sɩngame n na n maan kiuugã pʋgẽ Ramlila nebã kibsã Ramnagar. Wakat kãnga, sãd-dãmb sẽn boond tɩ Ramayanis n wa be tẽngã pʋgẽ n na n ges la b gom Ramcharitmanasã. Neb wʋsg sẽn be wã zãada Ramcharit Manas wã kopi, b sẽn boond tɩ Manas wã, n tũ sẽn be-b to-to wã, b sẽn wa n wa n gom ne-b to wã poore.[53] B sẽn da maand kibsã la kibsã yaa b tẽebã minimã pʋga. B pa kẽng Ramlila ye, b kẽeda a pʋgẽ.[54]
Tʋʋmdã sasa, tẽnga zĩiga toeema naoor a yiibu, sẽn sɩng ne tẽnga sẽn lebg teyatr la sẽn na n yɩll n lebg tẽn-kɩremsgo. Tʋʋmdã pãng paasdame tɩ lebg tẽn-kɩremsgo, n yaool n wa baas ne a Rama sẽn lebg n wat a yiri. Yaa wakat kãng la Raja mengã lebg teyatrã pʋga, sẽn na n yɩlẽ n tõog n kẽes tẽn-kɩremsã yɛla. Sẽn na n baase, b sã n wa yi, b na n yiisa b yĩn-wɩsgrã n kõ rĩm-dãmbã la b kõ kɛlgdbã darshanã.[55] Episode fãa baasgẽ, b maanda lila, aarti, n yɩɩl 'Har Har Mahadev' bɩ 'Bolo! Raja Ramchandra ki Jai!' ye dil ne kaha. Neb nins sẽn be be wã na n naagame n kelge. Rẽ poore, b na n maana jhanki, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ yãab bɩ yãab sẽn kẽed ne 'Manasã' wakat sẽn be wã, sẽn na yɩl tɩ kɛlgdbã wʋm kibarã võor sõma, la b leb n tall mi-beoog ne a sẽn tall pãn-tusdg ningã.[56]
Baa ne b sẽn tar kibay wʋsg sẽn gomd Ramlila sɩngr yelle, a yembr wilgame tɩ b reng n maana a soabã tẽn-bil a ye sẽn pẽ be, sẽn boond tɩ Chota Mirzapur, tɩ sẽn da be Varanasi wã wa sãam Gãnga koomã sẽn wa n sa wã yĩnga. Rẽ n kɩt tɩ b lebg n maan a soabã, sẽn yaa a Ramlila, sẽn yaa a Ramayana wã sẽn yaa to-to wã, la sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm pi-gĩn wʋsg masã, bãngdb sẽn yit dũniyã gill zugã zãms-a lame.[57]
Yaoolem daarã, a Rama sẽn tõog zĩn-dãmbã rĩmã, a Ravana, yɩɩ sũ-no-kãsenga. Sẽn yɩɩd neb milyõ a ye n wat yʋʋmd fãa n na n ges tigr-kãsemsã sẽn maand Kashi Naresh wã.[58]
Shri Sitaram Dharmmandal, Saraiharkhu Jaunpur
[tekre | teke sidgem]Saraiharkhu yaa tẽn-bil sẽn be Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh sẽn be India tẽnga, Janpur-Lucknow sorã zugu, sẽn zems 18km (11 mi) ne Jaunpur tẽnga. A Ramleela sɩngame yʋʋmd 1932 ne Biritayn dãmba wakat tɩ rẽ tɛka, b maand-a-la yʋʋmd fãa, ne Wẽnnaam bark Dussera sasa, la b maand Silver, Golden la Diamond jubilee wã.
Sull kãngã bõn-datl sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩd yaa tɩ b pʋɩ tɩɩm la b zãms Wẽnnaam a Ram Chandra noy la noy n sigl a Ramleela Dussehra sasa. Sigl-kãngã yaa kʋdemd la a tar yʋʋr wʋsgo, neb wʋsg wat n wat be yʋʋmd fãa kibsã sasa. Yaa rasem a nu la b maand Ramleela wã, la rasem a yoob-n-soabã, b maanda kibs-kãseng tẽn-kãng pʋgẽ sẽn boond tɩ "Vijyadashmi". Sẽn tar yõod ne sull kãnga yaa t'a sɩnga ne Kayastha zak rãmb sẽn yit tẽn-bilã pʋgẽ bala, n lebg a nin-buiidã, la masã sull kãnga tara nin-buiidã sẽn yɩɩd 100 sẽn tʋmd tẽns toɛy-toɛyã pʋsẽ la tẽn-zẽmsã pʋsẽ, la zĩis sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo. Yʋʋmd fãa, pa tigingã neb bal n wat rasem a yoob n basd b tʋʋm-kãsemsã ye, yaa neb nins sẽn be be ne b zagsã me n watẽ. Woto wilgdame tɩ nin-buiidã zems-n-taar la b nonglmã yaa mak-sõng b sẽn segd n tũ. Neb wʋsg sẽn yaa nin-kãsems me kẽnga a Ramleela nengẽ.
Zĩiga fãa
[tekre | teke sidgem]Yʋʋm koabg zugẽ wã, a Ramlila lebgame tɩ b waoogd-a wʋsgo, la a kẽnga dũniyã zĩ-zãrsẽ wã, ne Ẽnd nebã sẽn be tẽn-zãrsẽ wã, la a ra pa "tẽebã lebgr" tʋʋmde, la a ra yaa tẽeb sẽn pa tek yam wilgri. Rũndã-rũndã, b maanda a Ramlila tẽns wʋsg sẽn tar nin-hindu rãmb sẽn yit Ɛnd soolmẽ wã, n paas Ɛnd soolmẽ wã, Nepall la Pakistã. Sã n pa ne Ẽnd tẽn-bilã, rẽ naaga Fiji, Mauritius, South Africa, Canada, Guyana, Surinam, Trinidad la Tobago, United Kingdom, Netherland, United States, Australia, la New Zealand. Azi tẽns kẽer me tara drãm sẽn yaa wa a Ramayana, wala makre, Phra Lak Phra Lam (Lak la Lam yaa Laos gom-biis sẽn yaa Lakshman la Ram) sẽn be Laos la Thai rɩtg-goabga. [ citation nécessaire ]
A Rama kibarã leb n yaa bũmb a to b sẽn maand hal wʋsgo, wa bugum sẽn be yʋngo, wall b sẽn maand yãadma. B boond-a lame t'a Tolapavakuthu Kerala, a Ravana chaya Odisha, a Nang sbek thom Kambodža, a Nang yai Thailande la a Wayang purwa Indonezi.[59]
Sebtiise
[tekre | teke sidgem]- ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ramnnagar_Varanasi_Ramlila.jpg/220px-Ramnnagar_Varanasi_Ramlila.jpg
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1145152
- ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Navratri
- ↑ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/ramlila-the-traditional-performance-of-the-ramayana-00110
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&dq=Jatra+bengal&pg=PA44
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=au_Vk2VYyrkC&pg=PA507
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks-nUAO_fJgC&pg=PA12
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=0s0OAAAAIAAJ
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Site bãnde:
<ref>
tag sẽn pa zems; b pa kõ sõsg n wilg sõss nins sẽn boond tɩvatsyayan335
ye - ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=xUoEw0IQvPEC
- ↑ http://sanskritdocuments.org/all_pdf/natya01.pdf
- ↑ https://archive.org/stream/cu31924012568535#page/n5/mode/2up
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=au_Vk2VYyrkC&pg=PA507
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=au_Vk2VYyrkC&pg=PA507
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=au_Vk2VYyrkC&pg=PA507
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/traditionalindia0000unse/page/73
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=0s0OAAAAIAAJ
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=ph4xAQAAIAAJ
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ar2Qfr-UeQC&pg=PA339
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=19zvfkwXyzUC&pg=PA254
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/1145152
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=b0jmXOPBXkwC
- ↑ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/ramlila-the-traditional-performance-of-the-ramayana-00110
- ↑ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/ramlila-the-traditional-performance-of-the-ramayana-00110
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1145152
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1145152
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=jker43aWu2AC&pg=PA161
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=19zvfkwXyzUC&pg=PA322
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=jker43aWu2AC&pg=PA180
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1145152
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.2307%2F538562
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080704112935/http://www.up-tourism.com/fair_festival/ramlila.htm
- ↑ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=38
- ↑ http://www.bharatonline.com/uttar-pradesh/culture/ramlila.html
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/26/arts/26SCHE.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=eb222a8aebe766e2&ex=1232514000
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=jker43aWu2AC&pg=PA134
- ↑ http://www.comm.unt.edu/histofperf/CGordon/The%20Performance.htm
- ↑ http://www.comm.unt.edu/histofperf/CGordon/The%20Performance.htm
- ↑ https://www.varanasiguru.com/ramnagar-ramleela/
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=jker43aWu2AC&pg=PA161
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=lZEOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Ramlila&pg=PA169
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=lZEOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Ramlila&pg=PA169
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191021/http://www.stthomasu.ca/~parkhill/lila.htm
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/1247
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=2Ar2Qfr-UeQC&pg=PA346
Sɛb sõor
[tekre | teke sidgem]- A Cynthia Bradley (2012). A Denise Cush; a Catherine Robinson; a Michael York (sẽn gʋls-a). Hindouizmã Ensiklopedi. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-18979-2. A sẽn da yaa ninsabls tẽnsa taoor soaba.
- A Alain Daniélou (1991). The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism sẽn yi Princeton Bollingen Series pʋgẽ wã. A Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. ISBN 978-0-89281-354-4. B sẽn boond-a t'a "dũniyã bõn-vɩɩsã"
- A Constance Jones ne a James D. A Ryan (2006). Hindouizmã Ensiklopedi. Infobase sẽn yiisd sɛbã. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5. A sẽn da yaa ninsabls tẽnsa taoor soaba.
- A David Kinsley (1988). Hindoo wẽn-poak rãmba: B sẽn get wẽn-poak sẽn yaa pag to-to Hindoo tũudmã pʋgẽ. California Inivɛrsite Kibayã. ISBN 978-0-520-90883-3. A sẽn da yaa ninsabls tẽnsa taoor soaba.
- A David R. A Kinsley (1989). Wẽnnaam-poakã nin-gɛtgã: Wẽnnaam sẽn yit yaang la rɩtgã. State University of New York Pressã ISBN 978-0-88706-835-5. A sẽn da yaa ninsabls tẽnsa taoor soaba.
- A James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. A Rosen sẽn yaa seb-paalgã. ISBN 0-8239-2287-1.
- Rocher, Ludo (1986). Puranã-rãmbã. Yaa Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3447025225. B sẽn boond-a t'a "São Zé" wã
- "Navratri ⁇ Hindoo rãmbã kibsã". Encyclopaedia Britannica wã pʋgẽ. Yʋʋmd 2017 yʋʋm-vẽkr kiuug rasem 21. B paama seb-kãngã yʋʋmd 2017 yʋʋm-vẽkr kiuug rasem 21.
- Actors, Pilgrims, Kings And Gods: The Ramlila of Ramnagar, by Anuradha Kapur, Seagull, 2006. ISBN 1-905422-20-2. A sẽn da yaa ninsabls tẽnsa taoor soaba.
- "Tẽn-bi-bɛd sẽn be Pasifikã: Zãmsg sẽn tɩ loe ne Fidji Inis rãmbã tẽn-kɩremsã neba", a Adrian C. Mayer, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1973.
- "Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre", a James R. Brandon, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Zems-n-taase
[tekre | teke sidgem]- Ramlila sẽn be Ramnagar Fort Varanasi wã - bao-y kibay fãa
- Shri Sitaram DharmMandal, Saraiharkhu Jaunpur Ramleela sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1932
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