Rebetiko

music genre
Subclass of	Greek folk music
Inception	1850
Country of origin	Greece
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01291, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01291, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01291

Sõngr sẽn yaa zaalem n yit Wikipedia pʋgẽ.

Rebetiko (Greek: ρεμπέτικο, bôon na mè tɩ [re(m)ˈbetiko]), a sân yaa wʋsgu rebetika (ρεμπέτικα [re(m)ˈbetiko]), o le lèbg m bôon na mè tɩ rembetiko bɩɩ rebetico yaa gom-bi-kãnga sẽn yaa rũndã-rũndã n wilg tẽn-tẽnga Greek mizik buud toor-toore, sẽn kẽed ne yɩɩl sigrete la sẽn lebg yɩɩl buud toor-toor yʋʋm 1930 wã. B tõe n yeelame tɩ Rebetiko yaa Gɛrk nebã sẽn da nong yɩɩl sẽn be tẽn-tẽngã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn da pa-b-laogã yɩɩl sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1900 wã tɛka, n tãag yʋʋmd 1950 wã. La b ra pa mi a Zeova ne b sũy fãa ye.^[1]

Yʋʋmd 2017 wã, b talla rebetiko UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists sẽn gʋlsd bũmb nins sẽn pa tar yõod ne nin-buiidã.^[2]

A bélg'r la sɩngri kibaré

Gom-biig ning sẽn yaa rebetiko (b sẽn boond tɩ rebetika wã) yaa gom-biig sẽn yit Greek gom-biig ning b sẽn boond tɩ "rebetis" wã pʋgẽ.Rũndã-rũndã, b getame tɩ gom-biig ning b sẽn boond tɩ rebetis wã rat n yeelame tɩ ned sẽn tar zʋg-sõma, futu, yel-manesmã, vɩɩm manesmã la vɩɩm manesmã sẽn yaa to-to ne nin-buiidã "subculture".^[1]

B pa tol n mi gom-biig ning sẽn yaa rebetis wã võor ye. B pa tol ne sogsg ye. B sẽn da yaa rebetiko karen-saamb a Elias Petropoulos la Greek gom-biisgã sẽn yaa Gɛrk seb-gʋlsd a Giorgos Babiniotis me wilgda b sẽn tõe n yeel tɩ gom-bi-kãens yaa toor-toor ye.^[3]^[4] Sẽn sɩng ne gom-biig ning sẽn yaa "ãnd sẽn yitẽ", b yãta gom-biis a ye sẽn yitẽ, la b yiis a ye yʋʋmd 1614 wã ^[5] tɩ a yʋʋra da yaa ῥεμπιτός n wilg tɩ yaa 'wanderer', 'blind', 'misguided', n m pãas-ã fãa.

Yɩɩla

Baa ne rũndã-rũndã b sẽn get-a wa buud a yembr bala, rebetiko yaa mizik sẽn yaa bũmb sẽn naag taab n kɩtd tɩ b bãngd European wã mizikã, Greek tẽn-tẽngã la Greek tẽng zug tẽns toɛy-toɛyã mizikã, gɛrk-Wẽnnaam tũudmã yɩɩl sẽn yaa b sẽn boond tɩ b sẽn boond b sẽn boond-b tɩ b sẽn get b sẽn boond a Zeova to-to wã, la b sẽn boond t'a Byzantine wã, la sẽn yaa b b sẽn get a Zeova wã, la a sẽn get b rãmbã sẽn yaa b toor-toor.

Melody la harmony

Woto yĩnga, b getame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩl wʋsg yɩɩl yaa dromoi (δρόμοι, Greek gom-zug sẽn dat n yeel tɩ 'soab-soabse' bɩ 'soabse', la b getame t'a yembr yaa dromos (δρόμος). [nb Dʋma wã yʋya yita Turki buud toor-toore, sẽn boond tɩ makam wã yʋya pʋgẽ, sã n pa neb bilf bal[nb.

La yɩɩl wʋsg sẽn yaa rebetiko wã ra naagda instrument sẽn tõe n yɩɩl wa sẽn zemsd ne Western harmonic system wã, la rẽ kɩtame tɩ b zemsd ne taab ne sẽn yaa to-to wã sẽn pa zems ne Europe wã harmoni wã, la ne Ottoman art music wã, sẽn yaa monophonic form sẽn pa zemsd ne taaba. Sẽn paase, b yɩɩla rebetika ne instrument sẽn yaa sõma n pa tar to-to ye.

Sẽn paase, b sẽn wa n wa n wa paasd b sẽn da boond tɩ rebetiko wã, b bãngame tɩ Gɛrk la Turk mizikã ra yaa buud toor-toore. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ b ra nong n getẽ tɩ b pa mi rebetiko wã sẽn yaa a makamã yell ye. B ra tagsdẽ tɩ b ra tagsdẽ t'a tara yõod wʋsg ne b sẽn getẽ.

Sẽn na yɩl n bãng rẽ, d segd n tẽega tɩ b sẽn da tar bẽedã sẽn yaa wʋsg ne Greek kasetã n tãag yʋʋmd 1936 wã pa yɩ toor ne gom-biis la b "tõnd" yɩɩl ye. B yɩɩla yɩɩl nins sẽn da be b sẽn da gʋlsã pʋgẽ wã bal n yɩɩd fãa, ne Smyrneika/Ottoman wã wã wã yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ kanonaki, santouri, politikí lyra (πολίτικη λύρα), tsimbalo (τσίμπαλο, sẽn yaa wa Hungarian cimbalom, bɩ Romanian țambal), la klarinɛtã.

Scales

Rebetiko mizikã pʋgẽ, b tũnugda ne waas-kãsems la waas-kẽem sẽn yaa Western wã, la b tũnugda n dɩkd waas-kʋdgã sẽn yaa Ottoman mizikã sẽn tar pãngã. Bãmb kẽer yaa rast, uşşâk, hijaz (sẽn yaa "Frygian dominant scale"), saba (h) la nahawand.

Rhymes

Yɩɩll wʋsg sẽn yit Greek bɩ Anatolik wã yaa yɩɩl sẽn yit Greek bɩ Anatoli wã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa yaa:

Sirtos, yaa gom-bi-pugl sẽn boond ne Greek dansã wʋsg (b sẽn tar n tar n boond-a tɩ Nisiotika)
(b sẽn boond tɩ Zeibekiko wã, yaa 9 4 bɩ 9 8 meter, sẽn tar b sẽn boond tɩ
Hasaposervikos wã, sẽn tar n dat n yeel tɩ Greek mizik buud toor-toore. Yaa rap sẽn tar pãng n paas n paas n lebg rap sẽn tar pãnga n paas n yaa rap sẽn tar minim n paas n yɩɩl n yaa rap n yɩɩl ne b sẽn boond tɩ "Antikristos" (a 4 4),
"Hasapiko" (a 4) la "Bolero" (a 9 8), "Kamilierikos" (a 98), "aptelikos" (b sẽn boond tɩ 16), "slow" (a 94), "slower" (a 96), "spaas" (a 16), "sifteteli" (a 4).
Kamilierikos (a 9 8 metr) la aptlikos, b sẽn welg-a tɩ yɩ piig la a yoob pʋɩ-sʋka, (b sẽn lebg-a bilf-bilfu tɩ yɩ a 9 4 ne seb-bil ning b sẽn boond tɩ 9 wã Metr 16 buud toor-toore
Tsifteteli, pʋg-yãans sẽn yaa sũ-noog soaba (a 4 4)
Bolero, yɩɩl a wãn pʋgẽ, sẽn yɩɩd fãa gitɛɛr yĩnga (a 3 4)

B leb n tũnugda ne bũmb a taab n maand yɩɩlã.

A Taxim

Rebetiko traditionsã pʋgẽ, b tara bũmb a ye sẽn yaa toor ne mizik buud toor-toor sẽn be tẽns nins sẽn be Ɛspa wã pʋsẽ. Yaa yɩɩl sẽn pa tar pãng n pa tõe n bãng n maan yɩɩl n yaool n maan yɩɩllã sɩngr bɩ a pʋga. Yaa Gɛrk ne a taxim bɩ taximi (ταξίμ bɩ ταξίμι) sẽn yit Araab gomdã sẽn yaa toor fasɩ ne taqsim bɩ taksim wã n kɩt tɩ b mi-a.

A Yiil Teedo

Wala b sẽn wilg tɩ b ra deng n yɩɩl yɩɩl nins sẽn boond tɩ rebetiko wã yaa Ottoman/Smyrna buud-goam la b ra tũnugda ne Ottoman-rãmbã kibay. Yʋʋmd 1930 yʋʋm-rɩtbã pʋɩ-sʋkẽ, rebetiko mizikã sẽn wa n paamda a meng zʋgã, buzouki wã sɩngame n lebg mizikã tʋʋm-teed sẽn tar mak-kãsenga, n dig instrument nins b sẽn tall n yi Azɩya Piigã n wa wã.

A Bouzouki

Trixordo or three course (three double string) bouzouki

Wõnda b ra pa mi bouzouki wã wʋsg sẽn yit Aazi Minor n wa n be Greece tẽngã ye. La b ra boonda-a lame tɩ bouzouki Greece soolmẽ wã hal sẽn na ta yʋʋmd 1835. Yaa yʋʋmd kãng la Danish ned a ye sẽn boond t'a Martinus Rørbye maan bõn-naandga. A yaa Atɛn ligdã soab a Leonidas Gailas (Λεωνίδας Γάϊλας) tʋʋm-doogã sẽn be zĩig ningã, tɩ maan-minimã bilgd-a wa a Fabricatore di bossuchi. Bõn-naandgã wilgda vẽeneg tɩ b ra tara tʋʋm-teed sẽn wõnd bouzouki. Baa ne kaset kãngã, d ket n pa mi bũmb baa a ye sẽn tɩ loe ne rebetiko wã sẽn sɩng to-to pĩndã ye.^[6] Sẽn nan yɩll tɩ b maan vaeesg sẽn nan yɩ tao-tao wã, b yãame tɩ seb-kãngã pʋgẽ, b goma bũmb wʋsg sẽn da pa mi yell sẽn da zĩnd yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 19 soabã la 20 soabã sɩngrẽ wã yelle, n paas kaset sẽn wilgd t'a ra bee Pelopones soolmẽ wã.

Baa ne b sẽn mi-a rebetiko wã pʋgẽ wã, la b sẽn nong n gomd a yell yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã pʋsẽ wã, sẽn deng tɩ b sak n kẽes-a yɩɩl-gʋlsdã zĩigẽ, b sɩngame n na n yɩɩl-a ka Gɛrɛs ye, la yaa America, yʋʋmd 1926, wakat ning Peloponnèse yɩɩl-gʋlsd a Konstandinos Kokotis (1878 -yʋʋmd 1948 poore) sẽn tall Peloponnèse nin-buiidã yɩɩl a yiibu ne a Ioannis Sfondilias sẽn da yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd a ye. B sẽn lebg n yiis-a pipi yʋʋmd 2013 wã, a wilgda "folke" melodik buud b sẽn da zɩ n gʋls pĩndã bɩ sẽn nan yɩ to-to. Pipi kaset ning sẽn wilg tɩ yɩɩlã yɩɩ "zamaan-paalgã" yɩɩl n yɩɩla, yɩɩ yʋʋmd 1929, Niuyork. Yʋʋm a tãab loogr poore, a Ioannis Halikias, sẽn leb n be Niuyork, n gʋls pipi bouzouki solo wã yʋʋmd 1932 yʋʋm-vẽkr kiuugã.

Greece soolmẽ wã, yʋʋmd 1931 zĩ-likr kiuugã pʋgẽ, b ra zoe n kõo b sor tɩ b sɩng n peebd bouzouki wã. A Thanassis Manetas (1870-ca 1943) ne a Yiannis Livadhitis sẽn da mi zimballã yɩɩl n naag yɩɩl-yɩɩdb a Konstantinos Masselos, a sẽn boond me tɩ Nouros, la a Spahanis, la b yɩɩl yɩɩl a tãabo.

La b sẽn deng n dɩk kaset-rãmb n na n dɩk n koos America la Greece wã, yɩɩ kaset-rãmb a taab n zĩnd pipi dũni gill zabrã sasa. Yaa kaset-rãmb nins b sẽn da maan Görlitz sẽn be Germany yʋʋmd 1917 tʋʋlg kiuugã. A Konstandinos Kalamaras sẽn da yaa buzouki wã reem-dãmbã ra yãagda a Konstandinos Vorgias sẽn da yaa Byzantine yɩɩn-yɩɩd sẽn da tʋmd sõma wã, la a Apostolos Papadiamantis sẽn da yaa yɩɩn-yɩɩd sẽn da pa tʋmd sõma wã. Nin-kãensã a tãabã ra bee Gɛrk sodaas 6500 sʋka, b sẽn da kẽes-b Alemayn sodaasã zakẽ, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1916 tʋʋlg kiuugã n tãag yʋʋmd 1919 tʋʋlg kiuugã.

Yaa yʋʋmd 1932 zĩ-likr kiuugã bala, a Halikias sẽn da wa n gʋls yɩɩlã Niuyork n tõog n paam pẽgre, tɩ b tõog n ning-a Greece tẽngã pʋgẽ, la a Markos Vamvakaris sɩng n gʋls yɩɩlã ne buzouki wã. Seb-kãensã yɩɩ a Bouzouki sẽn sɩng n be Gɛrɛs wã, la a ket n be be hal ne rũndã.

A Yiil Teedo n paase

Rebetiko instrumentã sẽn sɩng yʋʋmd 1930 wã sʋka, yaa bouzouki wã, baglamas la gita wã. Sã n yaa ne instrumentã, b ra gomda akordeõ, politiki (Constantinopolitan) lyra (wakate kẽer pʋsẽ b ra tũnugda ne lyra a taab), klarneet, kanonaki, oud, santur, violin la fing-cymbals. Sã n yaa ne instrumentã sẽn wʋmd b sẽn wilgd ne rebetiko wã, b tõe n maana woto: basã, laouto, mandolã, mandolẽ la piyano. B sã n wilg kaset kẽer, b tõe n wʋma bõn-vʋʋs sẽn yaa wa b sẽn wẽed ne b sẽn pa yãtẽ. B sẽn da tar yɩɩr n get rãamã, b maana yɩɩr n kõ-a. Yaa yɩɩr sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd, n tõe n yɩ teké la taverna wã sẽn tar yõod n yɩɩd.

A Yiil Goam Biise

Wala tẽns wʋsg sẽn yaa tẽng-tẽnga, b sẽn boond tɩ blues, flamenco, fado, bal-musette la tango, rebetiko wã yii tẽn-tẽnsã pʋsẽ. Naoor wʋsgo, a goamã wilgda nebã sẽn pa mi b mensã vɩɩmã sẽn yaa to-to wã. Woto, ned sã n wa yã yel-bũndb wala kʋdemdã, rãamã, dorgã, naongã, yoobã la b tʋʋm wẽnsã, a leb n yãnda yel-bũn wʋsg sẽn tar yõod ne Gɛrk nebã sẽn yaa buud toor-toore: kũum, yoobã, yembrã, zoodo, bãagã, nonglem, kãadem, kãadem, pag ne pag pa-kɩɩm, naam-poakã, zabrã, tʋʋm-tʋmdã, la yɛl a taab sẽn yaa to-to wã fãa, sũ-noog la sũ-sãangã.^[7]

A Rebetika ra yaa bãens roogo, la a ra yaa zĩ-yoodr me. Yaa be la b sẽn da boond tɩ rebet rãmbã ra maand b yɩɩlã. B ra yɩɩndame n pa pẽdgdẽ ye. B ra yɩɩndame n pʋgd taaba, tɩ ned fãa paas vɛrse, tɩ naoor wʋsgo, vɛrse wã ra pa tar loees ne sẽn deng-a wã ye. Yɩɩllã yɩɩl ra pa be ye, la yɩɩlã yɩɩl ra pa toog ye. Neb a taab sẽn da tar rebetis n naagd yɩɩn-yɩɩdã ne bouzouki bɩ baglamas (a bouzouki wã sẽn yaa bilf sẽn yaa bilf n tõe n dɩk n kẽng ne zĩig fãa, sẽn yaa nana tɩ b maan-a bi-bees roogẽ wã la sẽn yaa nana tɩ b solg-a polɩɩs rãmbã), la tõe tɩ ned a to sẽn wʋm yɩɩlã, na n yikame n sao. Rebetika yɩɩl-bɛdã, sẽn tɩ yɩɩd fãa, yɩɩl nins sẽn gomd nonglmã yellã ra tika Gɛrk nebã yɩɩl la Gɛrk rãmbã yɩɩl nins sẽn da be Smirn la Constantinople wã zugu.

- Elias Petropoulos

A Manos Hatzidakis sõdga gom-biis a tãabo sẽn tar yõod wʋsg sẽn kẽed ne zamaan-paalgã gom-biis sẽn yaa meraki, kefi, la kaimos (μεράκι, κέφι, καημός: nonglem, sũ-noogo, la sũ-sãoongo).

A rebetiko yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn tar tags-kãsems wʋsg yaa rãamã yũub sẽn kõt sũ-noogã (kokain, heroẽ-preza, la a taab). B boonda rebetiko yɩɩl nins sẽn wilgd bõn-kãensã tɩ hasiklidika (χασικλίδικα), baa ne yɩɩl-bɛdã sẽn pa toor ne rebetiko yɩɩl-bɛdã to-to wã.

Kẽer

A Rebetiko bee ne yʋng yõ-noogr zĩiga: ouzeri, taverna (Greek taverna) la yʋng sɛba.

A Rebetiko me yaa wakat kẽere sẽn kẽed ne mangas (Grɛk: μάγκας, pronounced [ˈma(ŋ)ɡas]), sẽn dat n yeel tɩ rao sẽn tar pãng sẽn "baood tɩ b rems-a", sẽn yaa sull sẽn zĩnd Belle Époque zamaanã Greece tẽnga (sẽn yɩɩd fãa tẽn-bɛd a taab: Athens, Piraeus, la Thesaloniki).

Mangas ra yaa yʋ-peell sẽn da boond t'a ra yaa tʋʋm-tʋmdba, sẽn da tar tɩtaam wʋsgo, la sẽn da tar fu-yerdg sẽn yaa sõma sẽn naag ne peend sẽn maan ne gãndgo (kavouraki, καβουράκι), ne gãndgo (b sẽn da wae n yeelgd peend a yembr bala), ne gãndg sẽn yaa kãn-kãe (b sẽn da tũnugd ne-a n maand peendã), ne gãndg sẽn tar zɛlma, la ne neood sẽn tar no-tũudse. B sẽn da get-b to-to wã ra yaa b sẽn da tar zũnd-zãnd sẽn yaa woglem, b sẽn da tar b sẽn boond tɩ korbõ (κομπολόγια, yɩɩl. κομπολόι), la b sẽn da kẽnd ne zũnd-zãndã (κουτσό βάδισμα). B ra boond-b lame tɩ Koutsavakides (κουτσαβάκηδες, sing. κουτσαβάκης ^[8]); wakat ninga b ra boond-b lame tɩ Koutsavakides la Koutsavakides.

Kʋdemdã

Depiction of a hookah shop in the Ottoman empire.

Sɩngrẽ wã, yɩɩl ning b sẽn da boond tɩ rebetiko wã ra yaa sẽn na yɩl n wilg nebã tɩ b pa mi-a ye. Rẽ poore, b sẽn da wa n yĩm a sɩngrã, la b sẽn da wa n yĩm a sɩngr-n-soabã sẽn ki wã, wall b sẽn da wa n yĩm-a wã, b lebg-a lame, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1960 wã, tɩ b leb n lebg-a-la yɩɩl buud a to, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, kom-bɩɩsã sʋka.

A Singre

Yaa vẽeneg tɩ a Rebetiko yita tẽn-bɛd nins sẽn be koom-koglgã pʋgẽ wã sẽn da yaa tẽn-bɛdã la a sẽn da be Gɛrk soolmã sẽn be Anatolii mogrã. Tẽns kãensã pʋsẽ, rebetiko ra yaa b sẽn da boond tɩ ouzeri wã, la b sẽn da maand hashish kaẽ wã, la sẽn da tar-b kaẽ wã la b sẽn boond tɩ bi-beesã. Sẽn mik tɩ b ra zɩ n gʋls n yaool n gʋls b sẽn da gʋls b yɩɩlã, pa nana tɩ b bãng b sẽn deng n gʋlsd b yɩɩlã to-to wã ye. Yʋʋm kobs 20 soabã pipi yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a yiib-n-soabã pʋgẽ, b gʋlsa Gɛrk gom-biis wʋsg sẽn be Constantinople/Istanbul, Ezipt la Amerikẽ, tɩ makr sẽn be b toorẽ wã tõe n sõng-b lame tɩ b bãng b sẽn maand to-to, wala b sẽn maan pipi b sẽn da tũnug ne gom-bi-kãng kasetã pʋgẽ. La b pa yãendẽ bũmb sẽn zĩnd pĩnda wakat kãngã sẽn wilgdẽ tɩ b ra mii Pireus tẽngẽ wã mizikã wa b sẽn deng n yã wã yʋʋmd 1931 wã ye (Ges-y sẽn be yĩngrã).

Smirna buud

Yʋʋm kobs 20 soabã sɩngrẽ, rebetiko mizikã ra yaa tẽn-tẽnsã fãa sẽn be Smyrna (yaoolem yʋʋr sẽn boond tɩ Izmir) sẽn be Asia Minor wã. A Smirna yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã pa b sẽn da nong n wʋmd koɛɛgã sẽn be Ɔtoman soolmã pʋgẽ wã bal ye, b ra getame me tɩ b wʋmda b sẽn da moond koɛɛgã tẽns wʋsg sẽn be Europe wã, n yɩɩd fãa b sẽn da be Itali wã. A Smirneiki Estudiantina ra yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sull sẽn da tʋmd ne Gɛrk nebã dũniyã gill zugu. B sẽn wa n wa n wa paam Smirna bugumã poore, b wʋsg (Panagiotis Toundas, Spyros Peristeris, Giorgos Vidalis, Anestis Delias la neb a taab) zoe n kẽng Greeks n sõng Gɛrk tẽnga, n kɩt tɩ b lebg n wa n deng n modgd mizik sẽn boond tɩ rebetiko.

Yuumd 1922-1932 Wakat

Asia Kẽer Kʋdemdã la a nin-buiidã tekr sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1923 wã poore, neb wʋsg sẽn da zoe n tɩ be Piraeus, Tesalonik, Volos la tẽn-kɩrems a taab pʋsẽ n tɩ zĩndi. B waa ne Erop la Anatoliyã yɩɩl-te-n-teedo, la yɩɩl-n-teedo, n paas Ottoman kafe yɩɩlã, la b sẽn da wae n basd yɩɩl-kãnga wã, b waa ne Itaali buud-goam sẽn tar mandolin-dãmb la yɩɩl-n-teedo, tɩ b yɩɩl-n-teedo yaa tãab-n-soab la a yoob-n-soaba.

Greek yɩɩl-gʋlsdb kãensã wʋsg sẽn yit Asia Minor ra yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn tar minim wʋsgo. Sɩngrẽ wã, b lugla "Athenean Estudiantina" ne a Giorgos Vidalis la yɩɩl-yɩɩndb kẽer sẽn da be pĩnd Smirneiki Estudiantina. Neb a taab me n wa n lebg studio taoor dãmba (A&R neba) sẽn kẽed ne kompay rãmb nins sẽn yaa kãsemsã, wala makre, a Spyros Peristeris (sẽn da tãooda mandolinã, gitɛɛrã, piano wã la sẽn wa n lebg bouzouki wã), a Panagiotis Toundas (sẽn da yɩɩ mandolinistã) la violinã sẽn da yaa sõma wã a Giannis Dragatsis (Oghdhondakis). Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, Peristeris ne Toundas sẽn da yaa yɩɩl-yɩɩgdbã wa n talla pãn-tusdg wʋsg rebetiko wã sẽn tall kasetã bɩʋʋngã zugu. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1920 wã sʋka, b gʋlsa yɩɩl wʋsg sẽn yaa wa Anatole wã Gɛrɛs, la yɩɩl sẽn yaa wa Pire wã rebetiko yɩɩl n deng n ta shellac yʋʋmd 1931 (Ges-y sõsg ning sẽn be yĩngrã).

B Yuumd 1930 Wakat

Yʋʋm 1930 wã pʋgẽ, yɩɩl-dãmb nins sẽn yaa sõma wʋsg n da tarẽ wã ra kẽeda taab n paas n paas n da tar tẽn-tẽnsã sẽn da yaa toog wʋsg n da maandẽ. [GH 1] Kibsa kãngã kɩtame tɩ b tũnug ne gom-biis sẽn yaa b sẽn dat n bãng b sẽn boond tɩ "Smyrneïka" sẽn yaa Azi-Bĩngr soolmã sẽn yaa b toor ne b sẽn boond t'a "Pireus" sẽn yaa b "bouzouki" sẽn yaa a sẽn boond tɩ yʋʋmd 1930 wã.

Sẽn paase, mandolinã ra pa le be ye. Pireus Quartet sẽn yit rɩtgo: Anestis Delias (n boond tɩ Artemis), Yiorgos Batis, Markos Vamvakaris, Stratos Pagioumtzis (1930 wã sʋka) yʋʋm 1930 wã saabẽ wã, rebetiko paama bũmb sẽn tõe n bool tɩ yaa klasikã, tɩ b sẽn boond tɩ Pireus pipi stilã, Asia sẽn pa waoog stilã, sẽn yaa European la Greek nebã mizikã, sẽn naag taab n naan naan wa lebg mizik sẽn yaa sɩd-sɩd ne taaba. La b sẽn wa n maand woto wã, b ra pa le tõe n bãng b sẽn da maand to-to wã ye. Rẽ kaoosame yʋʋm kobs-yẽng pʋgẽ. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]

B Metaxas sensorship Sor Paala

Yʋʋmd 1936, a Ioannis Metaxas sẽn da so tʋʋlg kiuug rasem a 4 wã, b lugla goosneerã, tɩ rẽ poorã, b sɩng n ningd ninbãan-kasetã pʋgẽ. B ra getame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩlã goam kẽer pa zems ye. Wakat kãnga, Metaxas naam sẽn da yaa nin-tɩrgã sẽn da wa n kɩt tɩ b yiisd yɩɩl-yendã fãa, yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã ra leb n gʋlsda yɩɩl-yendã, bɩ b maand b meng-yendã, n yaool n kõ b yɩɩlã tɩ b sak n deeg-a.^[9] Zĩ-kãnga yɩɩlã meng ra pa segd ne gɩdgr ye, baa ne b sẽn wilg tɩ b segd n kɩtame tɩ "Europeanisation" bãng tɩ yɩɩl nins b sẽn boond tɩ Anatolie yɩɩlã yaa sõma, tɩ rẽ kɩt tɩ radio rãmb kẽer gɩdg amanedes yʋʋmd 1938, sẽn dat n yeel tɩ yɩɩlã zug la b base, la pa yɩɩlã goam ye. La pa yɩɩl sẽn wõnd bouzouki ye. B sẽn boond tɩ amanɛdse (grɛk. αμανέδες, sing. αμανές) rat n yeelame tɩ sũ-sãoong yɩɩl b sẽn yɩɩl ne dromos bɩ makam sẽn yaa toor-toore. Aamanedes yɩɩ yɩɩl nins sẽn da be Gɛrk kʋdemdã yɩɩl-bɛdã sẽn da yaa to-to wã.

A Metaxas me yika tekedes fãa sẽn be tẽngã pʋgẽ wã. B sẽn da gomd dorgã la tʋʋm-wẽns a taab yelle, b ra pa le gomd rẽ yell ye. B ra pa le gomd a yell ye. B ra le gomda rẽ yell ne pipi kasetã b sẽn da maan yʋʋmd 1946 wã, b sẽn wa n na n le sɩng kasetã. La United States wã, b ra ket n yɩɩnd-b-la ne Greek-rãmbã yɩɩl wʋsgo, tɩ b yɩɩlã goam ra pa tar gɩdgr ye (Ges-y sõsg ning sẽn be tẽngrã) la baa ne rẽ, sẽn yaa lingr tɩ b ra ket n pa wae n ningd bouzouki-rãmbã America yɩɩl b sẽn da gʋlsd "WWII" wã poore.

Yaa bũmb sẽn be yamleoog tɩ Greek goabg me zãgsa Rebetiko mizikã, a sẽn yaa "tʋʋm-wẽng soaba" wã yĩnga (wa sẽn zems ne Gɛrk Kominist rãmbã sullã) la a sẽn yaa tẽng-n-bi-bɛdã la a sẽn gomd dorgã yelle.

Zabr poore

B sẽn wa n kẽed Greece tẽnga pʋgẽ, b sɩnga yɩɩl-bɛd b sẽn da mi n boond tɩ "Axis Occupation of Greece during World War II (1941- 1944), la b pa le sɩng yɩɩl-bɛd hal tɩ ta 1946; yʋʋm kãnga, yɩɩl-bɛd b sẽn da pa mi n boond tɩ "Drogs" la b yɩɩl-bɛd b sẽn da mi n boond tɩ "Drogs" la b yɩɩl-bɛd a taab ne yɩɩl-bɛd toor-toore. 6]

A Vassilis Tsitsanis sẽn yaa ãdse, wa n wa n kɩtame tɩ nebã bãng rẽ n paase. A yɩɩl-yɩɩllã sɩnga yʋʋmd 1936, la a kell n yɩɩl-yɩɩllã zabrã sasa, baa ne b sẽn da kẽesd a tʋʋmdã pʋgẽ wã. A ra yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd sẽn tar minim wʋsgo, la a yɩɩ yɩɩl-gʋlsd me sẽn tar minim wʋsgo. A yɩɩla yɩɩl kobse. Zabrã poore, a kell n maana a sẽn da maandã t'a yɩɩllã kẽe soay a taab pʋsẽ, la a sẽn da sõngd-a wã, yɩɩl-yendb wala Sotiria Bellou, Ioanna Georgakopoulou, Stella Haskil la Marika Ninou wa n yɩɩlame. A Tsitsanis maana rebetiko wã tɩ b lebg " westernization " n kɩt tɩ nebã wʋsg bãng-a n paas n wa lebg laiko wã.

Yʋʋmd 1948 soabã, a Manos Hatzidakis kɩtame tɩ yɩɩl-gʋlsdã bãng tɩ rebetiko yaa bũmb sẽn kẽed ne wẽnemã wɛɛngẽ, tɩ hal tɩ ta wakat kãnga, b ra getame tɩ rebetiko pa zems ne we-rũngã la we-rũngã rɩkr ye. A Hatzidakis sẽn da get bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ rebetiko wã yaa sõma wã, a ra getame tɩ b sẽn gomd bũmb ningã yaa sõma, tɩ b sẽn gomd bũmb ningã yaa sõma, la a ra pẽgda yɩɩl-gʋlsd a taab wala a Markos Vamvakaris la a Vassilis Tsitsanis. A sẽn dɩk a bãngr-goamã n maan bũmb ningã, a rɩka rembetika wã n maan a piano wã tʋʋmde, yʋʋmd 1951 wã, sẽn boond tɩ " Six Peintures folkloriques " (Έξι Λαϊκές Ζωγραφιές), b sẽn wa n wilg-a wa ballet buud a ye.

Tsitsanis sẽn da wa n be zabrã poore, a Manolis Chiotis sẽn da wa n be be wã kɩtame t'a rebetiko wã la Gɛrk nebã yɩɩlã paam soay sẽn yaa toor-toore. A Chiotis n paas rebetiko wã "europeanisation/westernisation" n paas wʋsgo. Yʋʋmd 1953 wã, a paas-a-la a naas-n-soabã sẽn na yɩl t'a tõe n yɩɩl wa gitaar la a kɩt tɩ rebetiko wã wa lebg rãamã.

A Chiotis ra leb n yaa nin-paalg sẽn tar raood wʋsgo, n dɩkd Latɛn la Amerikdisiid laas-n-soodsã (wa flamenco, rumba, mambo, la a taab) n kẽed ne yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd rebetiko yɩɩl-bɛdã. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa a Chiotis, sẽn da mi boog-n-basã, la gitaarã, violẽ wã la oudã, n wa ne boog-n-basã sẽn tar tõnd a 4 wã (tetrahordho) yʋʋmd 1956. A Chiotis ra zoe n yaa ned sẽn da tõe n yɩɩll-n-tɩrga, a sẽn da wa n yaa bi-bɩɩga, la a sẽn da tõe n yɩɩll-n-tɩrgã ne a gitaarã, n paas a sẽn da tõe n yɩɩll-n-tɩrgã, kɩtame t'a wa tõog n bãng a sẽn da tõe n maan to-to n yɩɩll-n-tɩrgã, tɩ kɩt t'a wa tõog n bãng " laïki mousiki (laiko) " wã la to-to, la a pa le tõe n bool tɩ rebetiko ye. [ citation necessary ]

Yaa woto me ne yɩɩlã. Yʋʋmd 1952 wã, bi-bɩɩg a ye sẽn da yɩɩnd n boond t'a Stelios Kazantzidis gʋlsa rebetika yɩɩl a yiibu, tɩ nebã ra nong-ba. Baa a sẽn da na n ket n yɩɩnd woto yʋʋm a wãn pʋgẽ wã, neb nins fãa sẽn da kẽed ne yɩɩlã bãngame tɩ yɩɩlã la a yɩɩlã ra yaa sõma wʋsg tɩ pa tõe n yɩ rebetiko wã ye. Sẽn pa kaoose, yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn tar yʋʋre wa a Kaldaras, a Chiotis, a Klouvatos sɩngame n na n gʋls yɩɩl sẽn tik a Stelios koe-kãsenga zugu, la rẽ kɩtame tɩ yɩɩl-gʋlsdã toeem n paase. Yɩɩn-paalã yɩɩl ra yaa sõma n yɩɩd pĩndã, la b ra nong n yɩɩla ne yɩɩl sẽn be yamleoogo. A Kazantzidis lebga laiki mizikã ãdga. [ citation needed ]

La pa a Kazantzidis bal n kɩt tɩ rebɛtika klasã (sẽn yaa Piraeus buudã) sa ye. Sẽn yaa lebend ne rẽ, a ra leb n yaa ned ning sẽn deng-a n kɩt tɩ b lebs n lugl-a wã. Yʋʋmd 1956 wã, a sɩnga a lagem-n-taar ne a Vassilis Tsitsanis, sẽn paas a sẽn gʋls yɩɩl-paals n kõ a Kazantzidis wã, a leb n kõ-a-la a yɩɩl-kʋd kẽer t'a lebg-b n yɩɩle. A Kazantzidis yɩɩla la a kɩt tɩ neb wʋsg bãng rebɛtika yɩɩl-bɛdã sẽn yaa "Synnefiasmeni Kyriaki" (Sã-paalg sẽn be sawadgo), "Bakse tsifliki" la "Ta Kavourakia". Yɩɩll-kãensã la yɩɩl a taab wʋsg nebã sẽn da pa mi pĩndã lebga yɩɩl b sẽn nong wʋsgo.

Wakat kãng bala, yɩɩl-yɩɩndb wʋsg sẽn da be Gɛrɛs wakatẽ wã basame tɩ b pa le tõe n yɩɩl ye. Kẽer kiime tɩ b ra nan pa yã ye (Haskil, Ninou), tɩ kẽer yik n kẽng Etazĩni (Binis, Evgenikos, Tzouanakos, Kaplanis), tɩ kẽer bas yɩɩlã n maan tʋʋm a taab (Pagioumtzis, Genitsaris). Yaa vẽeneg tɩ rẽ kɩtame tɩ b ra segd n yiis neb a taab n sõng-ba. Sɩngrẽ wã, nin-paalsã, wala makre, a Daliya, a Grey la a Kazantzidis ra ket n tũudame. La pa yã n kaoos la b sẽn da tar yẽesem ning b sẽn da tar b bi-bɩɩlem wakate wã, la b sẽn da paam bũmb toor-toor b vɩɩmã pʋgẽ wã kɩt tɩ b toeem b sẽn da gomd to-to pĩndã ye.

Yel-kãensã fãa kɩtame tɩ yʋʋmd 1950 soabã sẽnese, rebetiko wã ra pa le tar yõod wʋsg ne buud-goam a taab nebã sẽn nong n maand ye. Yʋʋmd 1950 wã saabẽ, rebetiko wã ra lebga bilf bala. Yaa rebetiko sẽn yaa sõma n yɩɩd rebetiko buud ning nin-bɛdã sẽn da nong n boond tɩ "archontorebetiko" wã bal n kell n be.

Sɩd-sɩda, sẽn na n wa ne sãmb-sãmb bilfu, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm 1950 wã, wakat ning b sẽn da pa nong n boond rebetiko yɩɩlã tɩ yɩɩl buud toor-toore, la sẽn yɩɩd fãa sẽn tik yɩɩl-gʋlsdã goam zugu, b ra boond-b lame tɩ laïki mousiki (λαϊκή μουσική), bɩ laïka, (λαϊκα) sẽn kẽed ne Gɛrk yɩɩl buud toor-toore, sẽn naag ne yɩɩl sẽn tar bouzouki wã, la yɩɩl nins b sẽn na n bool rũndã-rũndã tɩ rebetiko wã. Gom-bi-kãng yita Laos gomdã (λάος) pʋgẽ, tɩ b lebgd-a sõma n yɩɩd tɩ " nin-buiidã ".

Vʋʋgrã

Tõe tɩ b tõe n yeelame tɩ rebetiko wã vʋʋgrã pipi sasa sɩnga yʋʋmd 1960 wã sẽnese. Yʋʋm kãnga, yɩɩll a Grigoris Bithikotsis reega a Markos Vamvakaris yɩɩl wʋsgo, la a Vamvakaris mengã maana a pipi yɩɩll-kẽndr yʋʋmd 1954 tɛka. Wakat kãnga, seb-gʋlsdb wala a Elias Petropoulos sɩnga b vaeesgo la b yiis b pipi modgr n na n gʋls rebetiko wã sẽn yaa gom-zug a to wã. 26] Bouzouki wã, sẽn da yaa rebetiko mizikã sẽn da tar pãng wʋsgã, sɩngame n kẽed Gɛrk mizikã zĩis a taab me, sẽn yɩɩd fãa, a Manolis Chiotis sẽn da mi yɩɩlã yĩnga. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1960 wã, Gɛrk yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn tar yʋʋr sẽn boond t'a Mikis Theodorakis la a Manos Hatzidakis rɩka b sẽn boond tɩ bouzouki-rãmba, wala a Manolis Chiotis, a Giorgos Zambetas, la a Thanassis Polyhandriotis b yɩɩlã pʋgẽ. [ citation needed ]

B tõe n yeelame tɩ rebetiko wã lebgr na n sɩnga yʋʋm 1970 wã sɩngrẽ, wakat ning b sẽn sɩng n yiisd LP-rãmb sẽn tar rpm 78 kasetã, sẽn yaa seb-bɛd la b sẽn dɩk n kõ kɛlgdbã, tɩ b sõorã ra yaa wʋsgo. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋm-vẽkrã tɛka, b ra ket n baoodame tɩ b lebs n gʋls yɩɩl-kʋdã sẽn yɩ to-to wã, tɩ pipi soabã yaool n da nong n yɩɩnd yɩɩl-kʋdã ne Gɛrk yɩɩl-kʋdã sẽn yaa laïki mousiki wã. Yaa wakat kãng la yɩɩn-yɩɩndb wʋsg wa n lebg neb sẽn nong wʋsgo. Yaa yʋʋm 1970 soabã pʋgẽ la b reng n yiis seb-vãoog sẽn na n kɩt tɩ b bãng rebetiko wã n paase, tɩ pa gɛrk buud-goamã pʋgẽ ye. [GH 2] La b baasame n yiis seb-vãoog ning b sẽn deng n gʋls ne English.

Yʋʋm 1970 wã pʋgẽ, yɩɩl-gʋlsdb kẽer sẽn kʋʋl n yɩɩl yɩɩl-kʋdã n lebs n dɩk n gʋls n paas ne b kom-bɩɩsã sẽn da maand buzouki wã. Wala makre, a Giorgios Mouflouzelis gʋlsa yɩɩl-bɛd wʋsgo, baa a sẽn da wa n yaa bi-bɩɩga, a zɩ n maan yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn tar rpm 78 ye. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, yaa yɩɩl-gʋlsd a Sotiria Bellou sẽn gʋls yɩɩl-bɛdã, sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1947 n kẽng taoor ne yɩɩl-bɛdã, sẽn sɩng ne a Tsitsanis. Seb-kãensã sẽn yaa pa-kʋdã sõngame tɩ neb wʋsg sẽn da pa mi rebetiko wã paam n wʋm-a, la b ket n tõe n paam-a-la rũndã-rũndã.

Sẽn nan yɩll tɩ b leb n paam pãng yʋʋm 1960 wã baasg la 1970 wã sɩngrẽ wã yaa b sẽn maan b sẽn na n kɩɩs sodaasã sẽn da so sodaasã. Tõe tɩ yaa rebetiko yɩɩlã sẽn da pa nong n yaa politikã yĩng n kɩt tɩ b ra tõe n tags tɩ b yɩɩlã yaa wẽnga, b sẽn da gomd bũmb ning yellã yĩnga, la b sẽn da tẽegd tɩ zab-bɛdã sẽn zĩnd pĩndã ra yaa wẽnga.

A Rebetiko sẽn yɩ to-to pĩndã, b leb n vʋʋgame yʋʋmd 1967 n tãag yʋʋmd 1974 Junta wã sasa, wakat ning Koloneell rãmbã sẽn da gɩdg-a wã. Zĩ-kãnga wã loogr poore, neb wʋsg n yik n na n zĩnd be. B sẽn boond tɩ Opisthodhromiki Kompania, Rembetiki Kompania, Babis Tsertos, Agathonas Iakovidis la neb a taaba.

A Giorgos Dalaras yãka yam n na n yiis a meng rebetiko yɩɩl b sẽn lebg ne rebetiko yɩɩl 50 Chronia Rebetiko Tragoudi (50 Χρόνια Ρεμπέτικο Τραγούδι, 50 Years of Rebetiko Songs). Baa ne b sẽn da boog b yɩɩlã, yɩɩllã yɩɩ sõma tao-tao. Baasg zãnga, rẽ kɩtame tɩ bũmb a to sɩng Greek mizikã pʋgẽ, tɩ rebet rãmb nins b sẽn da yĩm pĩndã sɩng n yɩɩndẽ, sãnda sẽn yɩ pipi naoor yʋʋm 30 bɩ 40 pʋgẽ. A kell n maana tʋʋm kãnga ne LP sẽn yi yʋʋmd 1980, sẽn boond tɩ Rebetika tis Katochis (Ρεμπέτικα της Κατοχής, Rebetiko ( yɩɩl) sẽn kẽed ne zabã wɛɛngẽ), sẽn da yaa yɩɩl sẽn tar pãng la sẽn tar pãng n yɩɩd, sẽn zems ne rebetika ning b sẽn da wʋmd yʋʋmd 1930 wã. Baasg zãnga, b leb n yiis-a-la sɛbã pʋsẽ n gom dorgã yelle, la b pʋd-a-la bilf bala. Sã n yaa ne pipi LP wã sẽn yɩ yiib-n-soabã, rẽnda ra tara pipi yɩɩl-gʋlsdbã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa Bayianteras la Genitsaris sẽn zĩnd albumã pʋgẽ wã.

Rũndã-rũndã

Rũndã-rũndã, rebetiko yɩɩlã ket n bee Gɛrk soolmẽ wã, b sã n lebgd-b rũndã-rũndã, b pa baood n na n yɩ neb sẽn pa tũud ne b sẽn da maandã ye. B leb n lebgd-b lame n dat n dɩkd pĩnd wẽndẽ yɩɩlã togs-n-taare. Zĩ-kãnga yaa zuloees sẽn paasd tẽns a taab pʋsẽ, la a sẽn tar pãng Gɛrk tẽn-zẽmsã pʋsẽ wã yaa sõma. [ citation needed ]

Bõn-minim dãmb la yɩɩn-yẽgdb kẽer yaa a Babis Tsertos, a Babis Goles la a Agathonas Iakovidis.

Yʋʋmd 2012, a Vinicio Capossela yiisa a yɩɩll album sẽn boond tɩ Rebetiko Gymnastas.

B United States Puge

Ges-y me: Gɛrk tẽn-bilã sẽn yi Etazĩni wã yɩɩl sɩngame yʋʋmd 19 soabã saabẽ. Rẽ poore, la yʋʋm nins sẽn pʋgl Asia sẽn yaa sull-bilã sãoongã poore, hal tɩ b tõog n gɩdg nin-buiidã b sẽn wat n yi wã yʋʋm 1920 wã sʋka, Greek neb wʋsg yiime n kẽng United States, n wa ne b mizikã minimã. Yʋʋmd 1896 wã, Amerika kom-bɩɩsã sɩngame n tall Greek mizik nins sẽn da be tẽn-kãens pʋgẽ wã. [nb 9] Yʋʋmd 1919 wã, b yãa Greek-America kaset kaset dãmb pipi rãmbã. Sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 2000 soabã yʋʋm kob-gĩnd a yiib-n-soabã, yɩɩl wʋsg n da be Greece pʋgẽ n yaool n sɩng n be kasetẽ. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]

Yʋʋmd 1930 wã sʋka, Amerika ne Amerika koe-moondbã ra sɩngda n getẽ tɩ b gʋlsda rebetiko sõssã, tɩ b ra pa tõe n tõog n paam b sẽn da pa maandẽ wã ye. Yaa a Zeova n kõ-b la b segd n maan b sẽn tõe fãa n tõog n tõog n maan to-to. B sẽn da yiis yʋʋmd 1973 wã, b ra tara kasetã sẽn yaa "Otan Kapnizi O Loulas" (Όταν Καπνίζει Ο Λουλάς, When They Smoke The Hookah) sẽn yaa a Apostolos Nikolaidis sẽn gʋlsã. A ra pa tõe n yiis album kãngã Greece pʋgẽ, a sẽn gomd bũmb toor-toor sẽn wilgd tɩ b tũnugda ne dorgã wakatẽ wã ye. La yaa sõma tɩ d tẽeg tɩ b pa yiisd b sɛb nins sẽn da kɩt tɩ b get b sɛb ye, hal yʋʋm 1981 wã, yʋʋm a yopoe sẽn looge.^[10] A sẽn da ket n maand yɩɩl a taabã, a sẽn da ket ne a sẽn da maand yɩɩl to-to wã, a sẽn sɩng n maand yɩɩlã a sẽn da boond t'a rebetiko wã. Baa yɩɩl nins b sẽn da gʋls ne buzouki-baglamas-guitarã sẽn yaa sõma wã me tõe n pukame Anatolii nebã fu-goamẽ. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]

zabrã a yiib-n-soabã poore, sẽn sɩng ne 1950 wã sɩngrẽ, Greek rebetiko yɩɩl-gʋlsdb wʋsg yi Greece n tɩ kẽnga United States, la kẽer zĩnda be wakat sẽn zãra. Bãmb sʋka, a Ioannis Papaioannou, a Manolis Chiotis, a Vassilis Tsitsanis, a Iordanis Tsomidis, a Roza Eskenazi, a Stratos Pagioumtzis, a Stavros Tzouanakos la a Giannis Tatasopoulos ra yaa neb sẽn tar yõod wʋsgo. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]

Robetiko Kugre

Rõk sẽn boond tɩ Rebetiko wã yaa mizik buud sẽn naag ne rock la rebetiko. Rõog-n-tõog la Gɛrk nebã yɩɩl me n kɩt tɩ b lebg rõog-rãmbã.

Neb nins sẽn yɩɩl rebetiko wã sẽn kẽed ne lɛɛr 78 wã

B Discography

A Zeova Kaset rãmbã sẽn yiisd CD-d-d-rãmb wʋsg Gɛrɛs soolmẽ wã wã pa le yiisd-b ye. Sẽn sɩng ne 1990 wã, b yiisda CD-rãmb sẽn tar yõod wʋsg ne b sẽn tall-b pĩnd wẽndẽ wã. A sẽn pʋgdã baoosame n na n yiis b saam-biis nins sẽn gomd gomd Gɛrk goama, la b yiis-b-la ne gom-biis a wãn sẽn gomd Gɛrkã pʋgẽ. B fãa yaa CD-db sã n ka be bũmb a to sẽn wilgdã. B sẽn tar pãng wʋsg b sẽn yiisd b b bĩngrẽ wã yaa b sẽn tall b wʋmb sõma la b sẽn kẽesd b sõor wʋsg b sẽn gomd bĩngrã pʋgẽ wã. Ges-y sull ning sẽn be tẽng zug n na n bãng Biiblã sẽn gomd pĩnd wẽndẽ CD-rãmb yelle.

Apostolos Hadzichristos - A Unique Greek Voice, (4CD), JSP Records, 2011.
Sẽn sɩng ne Tambouras n tãag Bouzouki, Bouzouki kʋdemdã la a sẽn wa n lebg to-to wã la a pipi kasetã (1926 - 1932), Orpheum Phonograph ORPH-01 ISBN 978-618-80538-0-9, 2013.
Great Voices of Constantinople 1927 - 1933, Rounder Records, 1997.
Greek-Oriental Rebetica-Songs & Dances in the Asia Minor Style:The Golden Years, Arhoolie Records, 1991.
Greek Rhapsody - Instrumental Music from Greece 1905 - 1956, (2CD & book) Dust-To-Digital DTD-27, 2013.
Marika Papagika - Greek nebã sẽn nong yɩɩlã la yɩɩl nins b sẽn da maand ne rebɛtikã Niuyork 1918 - 1929, Alma Criolla Records, 1994.
Markos Vamvakaris, Bouzouki Pioneer, 1932 - 1940, Rounder Records, 1998.
A Markos Vamvakaris, Rembetika karen-saamba - Rɩk-n-taar zãng 1932 - 1937, n paas rɩk-n-taar b sẽn yãk 1938, (4CD), JSP Records, 2010
Mortika - Rare Vintage Recordings from a Greek Underworld, ARKO records, Uppsala, 2005. CD la sebre, b leb n yiis-a-la 2LP kasẽng ne Mississippi Records, 2009.
Mourmourika: Greek tẽngr-tẽngã yɩɩl dãmba, Rounder Records, 1999.
Mam sũ-noog a ye tãa: Classic Pireotic Rembetica 1932 - 1946, Rounder Records, 1999.
Rembetica: Greek tẽnsa neb yɩɩl kʋdemdã, Rounder Records, 1992.
Rembetika: Greek Music from the Underground, JSP Records, 2006.
A Rembetika 2: A sẽn paasd Gɛrk tẽng tẽng mizikã kʋdemdã, JSP Records, 2008.
Rebetiki Istoria, EMIAL-Lambropoulos, Atɛn 1975 - 76 - LP sõor a yoob pʋgẽ, b wa n yiis-a-la kaset la CD-rãmb pʋgẽ.
Roza Eskenazi - Rembetissa, Rounder Records, 1996.
The Rough Guide to Rebetika, World Music Network, 2004.
A Vassilis Tsitsanis - Bõn-bãmba fãa sẽn deng zabrã, 1936 ⁇ 1940 (5CD), JSP Records, 2008.
Vassilis Tsitsanis - The Postwar Years 1946 ⁇ 1954, (4CD), JSP Records, 2009.
A Rembetica pagb, Rounder Records, 2000.
Rembetika pagbã, (4CD), JSP Record, 2012.
Various - The Diaspora Of Rembetiko, Network Medien, (2CD), sẽn naag taab n gʋlsã, 2004

Sebr ning sẽn pʋgdã

Gomd ning sẽn yaa dromos wã rat n yeelame tɩ 'sor' bɩ 'sorã.'
Piraeotiko dromos wã paama a yʋʋr ne Piraeus tẽnga, la b tũnugda ne gom-biis nins sẽn boond tɩ matzore (ματζόρε) la minore (μινόρε) sẽn na yɩl n kẽed ninsabls tẽn-bɛdã la kom-bɩɩsã sẽn be dromoi wã pʋgẽ wã.
Sẽn nan pa kaoose, b wa n paama gom-biis a taab sẽn wilgd tɩ b ra zemsda taaba. A Paradosiaká sẽn yaa gom-bil sẽn dat n yeel bal tɩ "tẽn-kʋdemdã" rũndã-rũndã, b tũnugda ne-a n na n wilg tẽn-kɩremsã yɩɩl buud sẽn yik Gɛrk soolmẽ wã sẽn sɩng ne yʋʋmd 1970 wã, la sẽn tũnugd bal ne Ottoman art musicã ramb la yɩɩl buud-gomd bala. Y sã n dat n bãng bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b gomd woto wã sõma, bɩ y ges sebr ning a Eleni Kallimopoulou sẽn boond tɩ Paradosiaká: Music, Meaning and Identity in Modern Greece. Ashgate, yʋʋmd 2009.
A Stathis Gauntlett wilga rebetiko yɩɩlã sẽn yaa to-to ne ãngilindã.
A Dionysis Maniatis[DM 1] sẽn da gʋlsd yɩɩl-bɛd sẽn yaa 78 rpm sẽn be Greek pʋgẽ wã wilgame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩl nins b sẽn da gʋlsdã sẽn pa ta 7% ra tara yɛl sẽn tɩ loe ne dorgã.
Wala makre, a Petropoulos pʋɩta a sẽn sɩng n maand to-to wã tɩ yaa wakat a tãabo:

1922 - 1932 - yaa wakat ning rebetiko wã sẽn yi a yẽgẽ wã ne Azi-bilã la Greek tẽn-kãsengã mizikã yɛl sẽn naag taab n wa.
1932 - 1942 - klasik wakatã,
1942 - 1952 - yaa bãngrã, a sãangã la a sakrã wakat;

Seb-kãngã tõe n sõng-d lame tɩ d bãng bũmb ning sẽn kɩt tɩ b gʋlsd yɩɩl-bɛdã, la a leb n pa sõng-d tɩ d bãng b sẽn da gʋlsd yɩɩl-bɛdã hal sẽn deng yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã ye.

Gomd ning sẽn yaa "Smyrneïka" yaa sẽn na n tudg bilfu, bala b tũnugda ne-a n na n gom tẽn-tẽns nins sẽn yaa Ottoman-Grɛk kafe rãmb yɩɩlã yelle, pa Smirn bal ye, la yaa Constantinople/Istanbul la tẽns a taab me, la baa Amerik yɩɩl-gʋlsdb sẽn pa tar lagem-n-taar ne Smirn yɩɩlã.
A Stathis Damianakos yeelame tɩ rebetiko yɩɩl nins sẽn zĩnd pipi wakat kãngã wã ra yaa lumpenproletariatã yɩɩl-yɩɩllã n yɩɩd fãa.
A Michael Arachtingi yɩɩl yɩɩl a nii yʋʋmd 1896 tʋʋl-nif kiuugã. Spottswood).

Sẽn paase

- Katharine Butterworth & Sara Schneider, eds. Rebetika – Songs from the Old Greek Underworld. Athens: Aiora Press, 2014.
- Stathis Damianakos. Κοινωνιολογία του Ρεμπέτικου, 2nd edn. (“The Sociology of Rebetiko”). Athens: Plethron, 2001.
- Stathis Gauntlett. ‘Between Orientalism and Occidentalism: The contribution of Asia Minor refugees to Greek popular song, and its reception’, in: Crossing the Aegean: an appraisal of the 1923 compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey, ed. R. Hirschon, Berghahn, Oxford & New York, 247–260, 2003.
- .
- Stathis Gauntlett, ‘The Diaspora Sings Back: Rebetika Down Under’, in: Greek Diaspora and Migration since 1700, ed. Dimitris Tziovas. Ashgate, 2009.
- Manos Hatzidakis, Ερμηνεία και θέση του ρεμπέτικου τραγουδιού (The interpretation and position of rebetiko song, in Greek), 1949.
- Gail Holst-Warhaft, Road to rembetika: music from a Greek sub-culture, songs of love, sorrow and hashish. Athens: Denise Harvey & Company,.
1. ^ 3rd ed. 1983, pp. 24–27.
2. ^ 1st ed. 1975.
- Nikos Kotarides, Ρεμπέτες και ρεμπέτικο τραγούδι (Rebetes and rebetiko song). Athens: Plethron, 1996.
- Dionysis Maniatis, Η εκ περάτων δισκογραφία γραμμοφώνου (I Ek Peraton Diskografia Grammofonou – The complete gramophone discography), Athens 2006.
1. ^ Jump up to:^a ^b Comprehensive list of Greek 78 rpm issues including title, artist(s), composer(s) and genre assignation.
- Panagiotis Kounades, Εις ανάμνησιν στιγμών ελκυστικών (“In memory of charming moments”). Athens: Katarti, 2000.
- Nikos Ordoulidis, "The Greek popular modes", in: British Postgraduate Musicology 11 (December 2011).
- Risto Pekka Pennanen, "The Nationalisation of Ottoman Popular Music in Greece", in: Ethnomusicology, vol. 48, no. 1 (Winter 2004), pp. 1–25.
- Elias Petropoulos, Rebetika: songs from the Old Greek Underworld, translated by John Taylor, illustrated by Alekos Fassianos. London: Alcyon Art Editions, 1992. ISBN 1-874455-01-5.
- David Prudhomme, Rébétiko (La mauvaise herbe), Futuropolis, 2009. ISBN 978-2-7548-0191-1.
- John Taylor, ‘The Rebetic Songs’, in: Maledicta, vol. 5, nos. 1–2 (Summer-Winter 1981), pp. 25–30.
- Markos Vamvakaris, Autobiography. Trans. Noonie Minogue and published by Greeklines.

Sebtiise

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Tony Klein, Mortika – Rare Vintage Recordings from a Greek Underworld. ARKO CD008, CD & book, Arko Records, Uppsala, Sweden, 2005; Mississippi Records, 2009 (vinyl).
↑ https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists
↑ Elias Petropoulos, Ρεμπετολογία. 2nd ed., Kedros, Athens, p. 18, 1990.
↑ Giorgos Babiniotis, Λεξικό τής Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας. Athens, Kentro Lexikologias, p. 1553, 1998.
↑ Ioannes Meursius – Glossarium graeco barbarum 2nd ed. Leyden, 1614 p. 470
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110715163000/http://www.rebetology.com/hydragathering/programme2008.html
↑ https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fmp.9460447.0004.102
↑ http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/triantafyllides/search.html?lq=%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82&dq=
↑ http://www.rebetology.com/hydragathering/programme2005.html
↑ https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19811024&id=BfQNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OXsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5519,70088

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Tony Klein, Mortika – Rare Vintage Recordings from a Greek Underworld. ARKO CD008, CD & book, Arko Records, Uppsala, Sweden, 2005; Mississippi Records, 2009 (vinyl).

[2] ttps://ich.unesco.org/en/lists

[3] Elias Petropoulos, Ρεμπετολογία. 2nd ed., Kedros, Athens, p. 18, 1990.

[4] Giorgos Babiniotis, Λεξικό τής Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας. Athens, Kentro Lexikologias, p. 1553, 1998.

[5] Ioannes Meursius – Glossarium graeco barbarum 2nd ed. Leyden, 1614 p. 470

[6] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110715163000/http://www.rebetology.com/hydragathering/programme2008.html

[7] ttps://doi.org/10.3998%2Fmp.9460447.0004.102

[8] ttp://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/triantafyllides/search.html?lq=%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82&dq=

[9] ttp://www.rebetology.com/hydragathering/programme2005.html

[10] ttps://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19811024&id=BfQNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OXsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5519,70088

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